The dam presented below is 240 m long (in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the cross-section). For the water elevations given on the drawing: a) construct the flow net (minimum number of equipotential lines should be 10), b) calculate the rate of seepage for the entire dam, c) find the total uplift force on the dam (ignore barrier AB), and d) estimate the hydraulic gradient at points A, B, and C. a) table of equations from the spreadsheet for the marked area b) table of potentials calculated by the spreadsheet program c) the flow net drawing d) water pressure distribution diagram and the position of the resultant uplift force e) calculations for the rate of seepage, the uplift force, and the hydraulic gradients. (The uplift force should be calculated as acting on the BC section only.) Note: Use a grid of square elements (2x2 m). 15.92 -15.84 15.73 -15.65 16 m -15.57 -15.50 24 m 15.41 -15.30 15 18 30 m 2m 8m 10 m 2 B A 18 m 8m * 12 m * 26 m 6m 4 m k=0.027 cm/s 3X2m 4.08 4.20 4.27 - 4.35 4.42 4.48 4.54 4.60 4.65 4.70 174

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Highway Drainage

Highway drainage is the process of extracting and regulating the excess surface water on the pavement by giving the desired slope. The construction of a highway drain helps to divert the water present on the surface, and sub-grade by the means of slope. Highway drainage systems are a necessary part of smooth functioning of traffic, since the highway drainage systems provide proper disposal of unwanted substances from the highways.