The concentration of calcium ion in a town’s supply of drinking water is 0.0020 M. (This water is referred to as hard water because it contains such a large concentration of Ca2+.) Suppose the water is to be fluoridated by theaddition of NaF for the purpose of reducing tooth decay. What is the maximum concentration of fluoride ion that can be achieved in the water before precipitation of CaF2 begins? Will the water supply attain the level of fluoride ion recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, about 5 × 10-5M (1 mg fluorine per liter)?
Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
The concentration of calcium ion in a town’s supply of drinking water is 0.0020 M. (This water is referred to as hard water because it contains such a large concentration of Ca2+.) Suppose the water is to be fluoridated by the
addition of NaF for the purpose of reducing tooth decay. What is the maximum concentration of fluoride ion that can be achieved in the water before precipitation of CaF2 begins? Will the water supply attain the level of fluoride ion recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, about 5 × 10-5
M (1 mg fluorine per liter)?
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