### Orbital Notation and Quantum Numbers**Orbital Notation Diagram of an Atom** The complete orbital notation diagram of an atom is shown below:```[↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓]```In the diagram above, each box represents an orbital and the arrows represent electrons. Arrows pointing in opposite directions within the same box indicate paired electrons with opposite spins (one pointing up represents spin-up, and one pointing down represents spin-down).**Question:** Based on the diagram, what values can be assigned to the magnetic quantum number for the electrons in the atom? What information does this quantum number provide about the location of the electron?---**Graph/Diagram Explanation:**1. **Description:** - The diagram consists of eight boxes in a row. - Each box contains two arrows, one pointing up (↑) and one pointing down (↓), which signifies that the electrons in each orbital are paired. 2. **Details:** - Each orbital is represented by a box. - Each arrow represents an electron. - Paired arrows within the same box demonstrate electrons in opposite spin states.3. **Application to Quantum Numbers:** - The magnetic quantum number (\( m_l \)) specifies the particular orbital within a subshell where an electron is likely to be found. - The values of \( m_l \) can range from \(-l \) to \( +l \), where \( l \) is the azimuthal (or angular momentum) quantum number. - In this specific diagram, because all orbitals are shown to be occupied by two electrons, the range of magnetic quantum numbers will cover all possible values within each subshell based on the value of \( l \).4. **Information Provided by the Magnetic Quantum Number:** - The magnetic quantum number primarily tells us about the orientation of the orbital in space. - By assigning specific values of \( m_l \), we can identify the exact orbital within a given subshell where the electron is located.

The given atom contains total 13 electrons. This indicates that the atom is Aluminium (Al).

The complete orbital notation diagram of an atom is shown. Based on the diagram, what values can be assigned to the magnetic quantum number for the electrons in the atom? What information does this quantum number provide about the location of the electron?

The complete orbital notation diagram of an atom is shown. Based on the diagram, what values can be assigned to the magnetic quantum number for the electrons in the atom? What information does this quantum number provide about the location of the electron?

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

### Orbital Notation and Quantum Numbers

**Orbital Notation Diagram of an Atom**

The complete orbital notation diagram of an atom is shown below:

```
[↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓]
```

In the diagram above, each box represents an orbital and the arrows represent electrons. Arrows pointing in opposite directions within the same box indicate paired electrons with opposite spins (one pointing up represents spin-up, and one pointing down represents spin-down).

**Question:**
Based on the diagram, what values can be assigned to the magnetic quantum number for the electrons in the atom? What information does this quantum number provide about the location of the electron?

---

**Graph/Diagram Explanation:**

1. **Description:**
- The diagram consists of eight boxes in a row.
- Each box contains two arrows, one pointing up (↑) and one pointing down (↓), which signifies that the electrons in each orbital are paired.

2. **Details:**
- Each orbital is represented by a box.
- Each arrow represents an electron.
- Paired arrows within the same box demonstrate electrons in opposite spin states.

3. **Application to Quantum Numbers:**
- The magnetic quantum number (\( m_l \)) specifies the particular orbital within a subshell where an electron is likely to be found.
- The values of \( m_l \) can range from \(-l \) to \( +l \), where \( l \) is the azimuthal (or angular momentum) quantum number.
- In this specific diagram, because all orbitals are shown to be occupied by two electrons, the range of magnetic quantum numbers will cover all possible values within each subshell based on the value of \( l \).

4. **Information Provided by the Magnetic Quantum Number:**
- The magnetic quantum number primarily tells us about the orientation of the orbital in space.
- By assigning specific values of \( m_l \), we can identify the exact orbital within a given subshell where the electron is located.

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