The comparisons of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores based on the highest level of education attained by the test taker's parents were provided. A research hypothesis was that students whose parents had attained a higher level of education would on average score higher on the SAT. The overall mean SAT math score was 514 (College Board website, January 8, 2012). SAT math scores for independent samples of students follow. The first sample shows the SAT math test scores for students whose parents are college graduates with a bachelor's degree. The second sample shows the SAT math test scores for students whose parents are high school graduates but do not have a college degree.

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### Comparison of SAT Scores Based on Parental Education Levels

This section provides an analysis of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores based on the highest level of education attained by the test taker's parents. A research hypothesis suggests that students whose parents have attained a higher level of education tend to score higher on the SAT. The overall mean SAT math score was **514** (College Board website, January 8, 2012). Presented below are SAT math scores for two independent samples of students.

#### SAT Scores by Parental Education Levels

The first sample consists of SAT math scores from students whose parents are college graduates with a bachelor’s degree. The second sample consists of SAT math scores from students whose parents are high school graduates but do not possess a college degree.

##### Student's Parents Education Level

**College Graduates:**
- 672
- 624
- 672
- 560
- 512
- 432
- 560
- 528

**High School Graduates:**
- 496
- 492
- 576
- 576
- 560
- 420
- 504
- 480
- 528
- 516
- 516
- 516
- 540
- 540
- 588
- 588

#### Hypothesis Formulation

**a. Hypotheses Formulation:**

To determine whether the sample data support the hypothesis that students tend to achieve higher math scores on the SAT if their parents have attained a higher level of education, we define two populations:

- \(\mu_1\): Population mean math score for students whose parents are college graduates.
- \(\mu_2\): Population mean math score for students whose parents are high school graduates.

**Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\)):** \(\mu_1 - \mu_2 \leq 0\)

**Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_a\)):** \(\mu_1 - \mu_2 > 0\)

**b. Point Estimate Calculation:**

To find the point estimate of the difference between the mean scores for the two populations (students whose parents are college graduates and students whose parents are high school graduates):

\[
\text{Point estimate} = \bar{X}_{\text{college grads}} - \bar{X}_{\text{high school grads}}
\]

(Note: Calculating this point
Transcribed Image Text:### Comparison of SAT Scores Based on Parental Education Levels This section provides an analysis of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores based on the highest level of education attained by the test taker's parents. A research hypothesis suggests that students whose parents have attained a higher level of education tend to score higher on the SAT. The overall mean SAT math score was **514** (College Board website, January 8, 2012). Presented below are SAT math scores for two independent samples of students. #### SAT Scores by Parental Education Levels The first sample consists of SAT math scores from students whose parents are college graduates with a bachelor’s degree. The second sample consists of SAT math scores from students whose parents are high school graduates but do not possess a college degree. ##### Student's Parents Education Level **College Graduates:** - 672 - 624 - 672 - 560 - 512 - 432 - 560 - 528 **High School Graduates:** - 496 - 492 - 576 - 576 - 560 - 420 - 504 - 480 - 528 - 516 - 516 - 516 - 540 - 540 - 588 - 588 #### Hypothesis Formulation **a. Hypotheses Formulation:** To determine whether the sample data support the hypothesis that students tend to achieve higher math scores on the SAT if their parents have attained a higher level of education, we define two populations: - \(\mu_1\): Population mean math score for students whose parents are college graduates. - \(\mu_2\): Population mean math score for students whose parents are high school graduates. **Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\)):** \(\mu_1 - \mu_2 \leq 0\) **Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_a\)):** \(\mu_1 - \mu_2 > 0\) **b. Point Estimate Calculation:** To find the point estimate of the difference between the mean scores for the two populations (students whose parents are college graduates and students whose parents are high school graduates): \[ \text{Point estimate} = \bar{X}_{\text{college grads}} - \bar{X}_{\text{high school grads}} \] (Note: Calculating this point
**SAT Score Analysis Based on Parents' Education Level**

This section presents an analysis of SAT scores to test the hypothesis that students whose parents have attained a higher level of education show higher population mean math scores.

### Hypothesis Formulation

#### Definitions:
- \( \mu_1 \) = Population mean verbal score of students whose parents are college graduates.
- \( \mu_2 \) = Population mean verbal score of students whose parents are high school graduates.

#### Hypotheses:
- **Null Hypothesis (\( H_0 \))**: \( \mu_1 - \mu_2 = 0 \)
- **Alternative Hypothesis (\( H_a \))**: \( \mu_1 - \mu_2 \neq 0 \)

### Statistical Calculation

**b. Point Estimate:**
- Determine the point estimate of the difference between the means for the two populations up to one decimal place.

\[ \text{Difference in means} = \_\_\_\_ \text{ points (Select your answer) if parents are college grads.} \]

**c. P-value Calculation:**
- Compute the p-value for the hypothesis test based on the t-value and degrees of freedom.

  - **t-value**: (to 3 decimal places)
  - **Degrees of freedom**: (round your answer to the previous whole number)
  - **p-value**: \_\_\_\_ (Select your answer)

**d. Conclusion at \( \alpha = 0.05 \):**
- Based on the computed p-value, we draw a conclusion to either reject or not reject the null hypothesis.

\[ \text{We} \_\_\_\_ \text{ (Select your answer)} \text{ reject } H_0. \]

This exercise involves comparing sample data from two groups based on the education level of parents to investigate if there is a significant difference in their SAT math scores. Calculations include estimating the difference in population means, computing t-values and p-values, and making a conclusion about the hypothesis at a significance level of 0.05.
Transcribed Image Text:**SAT Score Analysis Based on Parents' Education Level** This section presents an analysis of SAT scores to test the hypothesis that students whose parents have attained a higher level of education show higher population mean math scores. ### Hypothesis Formulation #### Definitions: - \( \mu_1 \) = Population mean verbal score of students whose parents are college graduates. - \( \mu_2 \) = Population mean verbal score of students whose parents are high school graduates. #### Hypotheses: - **Null Hypothesis (\( H_0 \))**: \( \mu_1 - \mu_2 = 0 \) - **Alternative Hypothesis (\( H_a \))**: \( \mu_1 - \mu_2 \neq 0 \) ### Statistical Calculation **b. Point Estimate:** - Determine the point estimate of the difference between the means for the two populations up to one decimal place. \[ \text{Difference in means} = \_\_\_\_ \text{ points (Select your answer) if parents are college grads.} \] **c. P-value Calculation:** - Compute the p-value for the hypothesis test based on the t-value and degrees of freedom. - **t-value**: (to 3 decimal places) - **Degrees of freedom**: (round your answer to the previous whole number) - **p-value**: \_\_\_\_ (Select your answer) **d. Conclusion at \( \alpha = 0.05 \):** - Based on the computed p-value, we draw a conclusion to either reject or not reject the null hypothesis. \[ \text{We} \_\_\_\_ \text{ (Select your answer)} \text{ reject } H_0. \] This exercise involves comparing sample data from two groups based on the education level of parents to investigate if there is a significant difference in their SAT math scores. Calculations include estimating the difference in population means, computing t-values and p-values, and making a conclusion about the hypothesis at a significance level of 0.05.
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