The College Board provided comparisons of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores based on the highest level of education attained by the test taker's parents. A research hypothesis was that students whose parents had attained a higher level of education would on average score higher on the SAT. The overall mean SAT math score was 514. SAT math scores for independent samples of students follow. The first sample shows the SAT math test scores for students whose parents are college graduates with a bachelor's degree. The second sample shows the SAT math test scores for students whose parents are high school graduates but do not have a college degree. College Grads High School Grads 469 487 492 442 534 517 580 478 650 510 479 425 554 426 486 485 566 531 528 390 588 578 524 535 481 448 592 485 (a) Formulate the hypotheses that can be used to determine whether the sample data support the hypothesis that students show a higher population mean math score on the SAT if their parents attained a higher level of education. (Let u, = population mean verbal score of students whose parents are college graduates with a bachelor's degree and u, = population mean verbal score of students whose parents are high school graduates but do not have a college degree.) O Ho: H - H2 = 0 H: Hy- Hz #0 O Ho: H1 - H2 < 0 Hgi Hy - Hz = 0 O Ho: H2 - Hz # 0 H: Hy - Hz = 0 Ho: H – H2 5 0 Hai Hy- Hz > 0 Hoi Hy- Hz Z O Hi Hy - Hz
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
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