The blood type O negative is called the "universal donor" type, because it is the only blood type that may safely be transfused into any person. Therefore, when someone needs a transfusion in an emergency and their blood type cannot be determined, they are given type O negative blood. For this reason, donors with this blood type are crucial to blood banks. Unfortunately, this blood type is fairly rare; according to the Red Cross, only 7% of U.S. residents have type O negative blood. Assume that a
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The blood type O negative is called the "universal donor" type, because it is the only blood type that may safely be transfused into any person. Therefore, when someone needs a transfusion in an emergency and their blood type cannot be determined, they are given type O negative blood. For this reason, donors with this blood type are crucial to blood banks. Unfortunately, this blood type is fairly rare; according to the Red Cross, only 7% of U.S. residents have type O negative blood. Assume that a blood bank has recruited 20 donors.
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- It has been observed that some persons who suffer colitis, again suffer colitis within one year of the first episode. This is due, in part, to damage from the first episode. The performance of a new drug designed to prevent a second episode is to be tested for its effectiveness in preventing a second episode. In order to do this two groups of people suffering a first episode are selected. There are 55 people in the first group and this group will be administered the new drug. There are 45 people in the second group and this group will be administered a placebo. After one year, 11% of the first group has a second episode and 9% of the second group has a second episode. Conduct a hypothesis test to determine, at the significance level 0.1, whether there is reason to believe that the true percentage of those in the first group who suffer a second episode is different from the true percentage of those in the second group who suffer a second episode? Select the [Alternative Hypothesis,…Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that in a certain month, 35.7% of the labor force had a high school diploma or fewer years of education, 29.4% had some college or an associate's degree, and 34.9% had a bachelor's degree or more education. Of those with a high school diploma or fewer years of education, 5.5% were unemployed. Of those with some college or an associate's degree, 4.4% were unemployed, and of those with a bachelor's degree or more education, 2.4% were unemployed. Find the probability that a randomly chosen labor force participant has some college or an associate's degree given that he or she is unemployed. 12 The probability is 0 (Type an integer or decimal rounded to three decimal places as needed.)Researchers are interested in determining if there is a difference in the proportion of women who choose the different types of treatments for those diagnosed with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DIS) breast cancer, which is a form of breast cancer that occurs in the Breast Ducts and has not spread. Following a diagnoses of DCIS, women can choose between three different treatment plans: a mastectomy or a lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy or a lumpectomy followed by Adjuvant Endocrine therapy. A random sample of 500 women diagnosed with DCIS breast cancer was obtained. Of the 500 women, 190 chose to have a mastectomy, 150 chose to have a lumpectomy followed by radiation, and 160 chose to have a lumpectomy followed by Adjuvant Endocrine therapy. At the 1% significance level, what conclusion can be reached?
- It has been observed that some persons who suffer renal failure, again suffer renal failure within one year of the first episode. This is due, in part, to damage from the first episode. The performance of a new drug designed to prevent a second episode is to be tested for its effectiveness in preventing a second episode. In order to do this two groups of people suffering a first episode are selected. There are 55 people in the first group and this group will be administered the new drug. There are 75 people in the second group and this group will be administered a placebo. After one year, 10% of the first group has a second episode and 9% of the second group has a second episode. Conduct a hypothesis test to determine, at the significance level 0.01, whether there is reason to believe that the true percentage of those in the first group who suffer a second episode is different from the true percentage of those in the second group who suffer a second episode? Select the [Alternative…Angioplasty is a medical procedure in which an obstructed blood vessel is widened. In some cases, a wire mesh tube, called a stent, is placed in the vessel to help it remain open. A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a bare metal stent with one that has been coated with a drug designed to prevent reblocking of the vessel. A total of 5329 patients received bare metal stents, and of these, 830 needed treatment for reblocking within a year. A total of 1125 received drug-coated stents, and 146 of them required treatment within a year. Can you conclude that the proportion of patients who needed retreatment differs between those who received bare metal stents and those who received drug-coated stents? Let p1 denote the proportion of patients with bare metal stents who needed retreatment and p2 denote the proportion of patients with drug-coated stents who needed retreatment. Use the α=0.10 level of significance and the P-value method with the TI-84 Plus calculator. a)State…A doctor is studying the relationship between blood pressure and heartbeat abnormalities in her patients. She tests a random sample of her patients and notes their blood pressures (high, low, or normal) and their heartbeats (regular or irregular). She finds that: 14% have high blood pressure. • 22% have low blood pressure. 15% have an irregular heartbeat. • Of those with an irregular heartbeat, one-third have high blood pressure. • Of those with normal blood pressure, one-eighth have an irregular heartbeat. What portion of the patients selected have a regular heartbeat and low blood pressure? (0.2)
- A researcher took a random sample of 200 new mothers in the United States (Group 1) and found that 16% of them experienced some form of postpartum depression. Another random sample of 200 new mothers in France (Group 2), where mothers receive 16 weeks of paid maternity leave, found that 11% experienced some form of postpartum depression. Can it be concluded that the percent of women in the United States experience more postpartum depression than the percent of women in France? Use α=0.05. Select the correct alternative hypothesis and decisionA research wants to determine if pre-natal exposure to the hormones in birth control pills alters the sex makeup of midshipman fish populations (which are typically half male and half female).Specifically, the researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that exposure to hormones will increase the number of females in the population.The researcher exposes a group of pregnant midshipman fish to birth control hormones and records the sex of the first 13 offspring birthed.They then observe that 11 are female.Use a sign test and a alpha of .05 to test the indicated hypothesis.What is the critical value?It has been observed that some persons who suffer colitis, again suffer colitis within one year of the first episode. This is due, in part, to damage from the first episode. The performance of a new drug designed to prevent a second episode is to be tested for its effectiveness in preventing a second episode. In order to do this two groups of people suffering a first episode are selected. There are 170 people in the first group and this group will be administered the new drug. There are 132 people in the second group and this group wil be administered a placebo. After one year, 14% of the first group has a second episode and 18% of the second group has a second episode. What is a 90% confidence interval for the difference in true proportion of the two groups/
- This weekend, Premier League officials will be conducting urine tests for all players who are participating in Premier League matches. The tests are being carried out as part of the league's ongoing efforts to combat the use of performance-enhancing drugs and other banned substances. The urine samples will be collected before and after the matches, and will be analysed by a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited laboratory to detect any traces of banned substances in the players' systems. Suppose 3% of the players will use banned substances. Let X be the number of players that officials need to test to find the first case of using banned substances. Let Y be the number of players tested to find 3 such cases. (a) Name the probability distribution and specify the value of any parameter(s) for each of the two random variables X and Y. (b) What is the probability that at least 5 players are to be tested to find the first using-banned-substances case? (c) What is the probability that…A research wants to determine if pre-natal exposure to the hormones in birth control pills alters the sex makeup of midshipman fish populations (which are typically half male and half female).Specifically, the researcher wishes to test the hypothesis that exposure to hormones will increase the number of females in the population.The researcher exposes a group of pregnant midshipman fish to birth control hormones and records the sex of the first 17 offspring birthed.They then observe that 12 are female.Use a sign test to test the indicated hypothesis.What is the value of "significance"In August and September 2005 , Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed, and of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. In a sample of 350 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 50 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 176 residents who had not participated in the cleaning, 42 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that there is a difference between the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who cleaned flood-damaged homes and those who did not participate in the cleaning? Let p1 denote the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who had cleaned flood-damaged homes and p2 denote the proportion of…