The Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model: Shows how chromosomal changes can lead to sympatric speciation Shows how epistasis can lead to sympatric speciation Shows how drift, with no selection, can lead to allopatric speciation Shows how selection, with no drift, can lead to allopatric speciation Predicts that reproductive isolation will build up quickly in sympatry

The Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model: Shows how chromosomal changes can lead to sympatric speciation Shows how epistasis can lead to sympatric speciation Shows how drift, with no selection, can lead to allopatric speciation Shows how selection, with no drift, can lead to allopatric speciation Predicts that reproductive isolation will build up quickly in sympatry

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter18: Evolution And The Origin Of Species

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3VCQ: Figure 18.23 Which of the following statements is false? Punctuated equilibrium is most likely to...

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Concept explainers

Molecular Techniques

Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.

DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis

The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.

Molecular Markers

A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.

DNA Sequencing

The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.

Question

The Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model:

		Shows how chromosomal changes can lead to sympatric speciation
		Shows how epistasis can lead to sympatric speciation
		Shows how drift, with no selection, can lead to allopatric speciation
		Shows how selection, with no drift, can lead to allopatric speciation
		Predicts that reproductive isolation will build up quickly in sympatry

Definition Definition Process by which new species arise. This occurs when populations of a species become isolated and diverge, developing unique traits through natural selection, genetic drift, or other mechanisms. Over time, these differences accumulate until the populations can no longer interbreed and are considered separate species.

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Which of the following statements about sympatric speciation is correct? It is a process through which two populations can diverge and develop reproductive isolation while in two different geographic area. It is the most common mechanism for populations to form independent species. Postzygotic isolation is the main form of reproductive isolation for the sympatric speciation process. Genetic isolation through large scale chromosomal mutations, such as chromosome inversion or polyploidy, are more likely contributing to sympatric speciation. None of the above
What are examples for gene flow? Select all that apply A distinct population of iguana drift to a new island that is already inhabited by members of the same species. A small population of humans colonizes a newly formed island. A fire drastically reduces the size of a white-tailed deer population. The remaining individuals spread out throughout the remaining forest. Wind blows pollen from one population of plants to another and cross-fertilization occurs. n An earthquake results in the formation of a canyon, splitting a population of toads apart.
How is sympatric speciation different from allopatric speciation? Group of answer choices Allopatric speciation requires a geographic barrier, while sympatric speciation occurs in one place Allopatric speciation results in hybrids, while sympatric speciation does not Allopatric speciation is a result of behavioral isolation, while sympatric speciation is a result of habitat isolation Allopatric speciation occurs in one place, while sympatric speciation requires a geographic barrier
Indicate the order in which the following steps would take place to result in Sympatric Speciation [enter 1 for the first step, 2 for the second, etc; write only the number -- no words, no spaces] As they adapt to their specific environments, the fitness of any hybrid formed is reduced. Reproductive isolating mechanisms are selected for so that less fit hybrids are not formed. Two species now exist. Interbreeding populations connected via gene flow occur across a range. The populations in the new environment adapt to their particular circumstances while the remainder stay as they were. Something happens so that some members of the populations/species change their environment (shift hosts; have a genetic change like polyploidy or inversions), so that they are separated from the others even thought hey are living in the same area.
Which of the following speciation mechanisms is most likely to be responsible for the divergence of a single species into two distinct species due to geographic isolation caused by a mountain range? Sympatric speciation Allopatric speciation (dispersal) Allopatric speciation (vicariance) Parapatric speciation
There is a fish species that lives in a lake. As the fish population grows, competition for food increases and a group of fish locates a new food source at a different depth in the lake. Over time, two populations with distinct morphologies that allow them to eat various food sources begins to occur in the lake. Which type of speciation (allopatric or sympatric) will mostly likely occur? Why?
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Some females seem to prefer the blue color and some females seem to prefer yellow color. If this a diversifying/ disruptive selection, how could diversifying/disruptive selection result in sympatric speciation in this example?
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Differentiate between allopatric and sympatric speciation. What mechanisms of evolution are most likely in each case to cause divergence?
How does one species diverge from another? (When do we call a group a new species—and how does that process happen?) Using anole lizards or another very specific example(s), compare and contrast microevolutionary processes with speciation. As you discuss speciation, be sure to compare and contrast sympatric speciation with allopatric speciation and say whether the example you’ve chosen is allopatric or sympatric.