DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
A single molecule (strand) of DNA is half of a double helix. The backbone that makes the
DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid):- It is a hereditary material of all organisms present on the earth. It consists of two polynucleotides that contain two purines and two pyrimidines. The two purines are Adenine and Guanine and two pyrimidines are Cytosine and Thymine. Purines always pair with pyrimidines and vice versa.
Adenine pairs with Thymine, this pairing has two hydrogen bonds in between.
Cytosine pairs with Guanine, this pairing has three hydrogen bonds in between, so at the time of denaturation of DNA, it is difficult to break the CG bonding as compared to AT bonding.
In case of RNA all the nitrogenous bases are the same except Thymine is replaced by Uracil, so the pairing will become Adenine pairs with Uracil with two hydrogen bonds in between.
The most accepted model of DNA is the Double helical structure given by Watson and crick. It has two grooves, one major and one minor groove.
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