The average speed of vehicles on a road with a downgrade of 4% is 90 kph. A traffic study was conducted to improve the braking distance (reduce the braking distance) due to a high risk of accident occurrence on this road during the night. a. If the existing braking distance is 120 m, determine what would be the recommended speed limit based on a reduction in braking distance of 20%. Use Table 1 for values of coefficient of friction f according to design speeds. You may interpolate in between values. Answer: v = 80.10 kph b. If the grade is to be reduced to achieve this reduction in braking distance, what would the new grade of the road be? Answer: G = +3.48% Table 1. Running Speed vs. Coefficient of Friction Running Speed, kph Coeff of Friction f 102 85 68 54 45 36 30 20 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.38 0.44 0.44 Source: AASHTO 1984

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Intersection Design

An intersection is a location where two or more roads or railways meet or join. The traffic movement is controlled at the intersection that depends on its design and type. It governs the operation, efficiency, speed, capacity, and safety of the highways, airways, and railways. The movement of the pedestrian causes hazards and delays at the intersection.