the average height of a leaf in a binary tree with 128 leaves is at least

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Based on Theorem 4.4.2 P.165, the average height of a leaf in a binary tree with 128 leaves is at least

### Binary Trees with (at Least) n! Leaves

The contrapositive of this second statement is as follows:
- **If a Binary Tree has ≥ n leaves, then it has a height ≥ lg(n).**

In particular:
- **If a Binary Tree has ≥ n! leaves, then it has a height ≥ lg(n!).**

Since the Branching Diagram of comparisons for any Sorting Algorithm applied to an array of length n must have ≥ n! leaves, the worst case for this algorithm (which corresponds to reaching a highest leaf) must do ≥ lg(n!) comparisons (of array entries).

**But what about the average case? Can the Branching Diagram give us a bound for it?**

**Theorem 4.4.2: The average height of a leaf in a Binary Tree with n leaves is ≥ lg(n).**

**Proof.** Let
Transcribed Image Text:### Binary Trees with (at Least) n! Leaves The contrapositive of this second statement is as follows: - **If a Binary Tree has ≥ n leaves, then it has a height ≥ lg(n).** In particular: - **If a Binary Tree has ≥ n! leaves, then it has a height ≥ lg(n!).** Since the Branching Diagram of comparisons for any Sorting Algorithm applied to an array of length n must have ≥ n! leaves, the worst case for this algorithm (which corresponds to reaching a highest leaf) must do ≥ lg(n!) comparisons (of array entries). **But what about the average case? Can the Branching Diagram give us a bound for it?** **Theorem 4.4.2: The average height of a leaf in a Binary Tree with n leaves is ≥ lg(n).** **Proof.** Let
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