that will build up to toxic levels unless it is remov reotelic organisms – ammonia is converted to ure isage is concerned, urea is an efficient means by usage n atoms can be removed using only a single carbor

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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2.
Nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia is a byproduct generated during amino acid
metabolism that will build up to toxic levels unless it is removed. In organisms including mammals -
known as ureotelic organisms – ammonia is converted to urea for safe storage and excretion. As far
as carbon usage is concerned, urea is an efficient means by which to remove excess nitrogen, since
two nitrogen atoms can be removed using only a single carbon.
(a) In ureotelic organisms, which organ produces the most urea and which organ collects and excretes
it? How many reversible and irreversible reactions are in the urea cycle?
(b) In which cellular compartment do each of the reactions of the urea cycle take place, and which
metabolites are transported between cellular compartments?
(c) One molecule of urea contains two nitrogen groups. How do each of these nitrogen groups enter
the urea cycle? What are the precursors, intermediates and products of each of these nitrogen-acquir-
ing reactions?
Transcribed Image Text:2. Nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia is a byproduct generated during amino acid metabolism that will build up to toxic levels unless it is removed. In organisms including mammals - known as ureotelic organisms – ammonia is converted to urea for safe storage and excretion. As far as carbon usage is concerned, urea is an efficient means by which to remove excess nitrogen, since two nitrogen atoms can be removed using only a single carbon. (a) In ureotelic organisms, which organ produces the most urea and which organ collects and excretes it? How many reversible and irreversible reactions are in the urea cycle? (b) In which cellular compartment do each of the reactions of the urea cycle take place, and which metabolites are transported between cellular compartments? (c) One molecule of urea contains two nitrogen groups. How do each of these nitrogen groups enter the urea cycle? What are the precursors, intermediates and products of each of these nitrogen-acquir- ing reactions?
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