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Tendon- organ Quadriceps (extensors) + Excitatory synapse - Inhibitory synapse Hamstrings (flexors) (3a) Efferent impulses to muscle with stretched tendon are damped. Muscle relaxes, reducing tension. Spinal cord Efferent impulses to antagonist muscle cause it to contract. Interneurons Diagram a crossed extensor reflex arc labeling the afferent sensory fiber, interneurons

Tendon- organ Quadriceps (extensors) + Excitatory synapse - Inhibitory synapse Hamstrings (flexors) (3a) Efferent impulses to muscle with stretched tendon are damped. Muscle relaxes, reducing tension. Spinal cord Efferent impulses to antagonist muscle cause it to contract. Interneurons Diagram a crossed extensor reflex arc labeling the afferent sensory fiber, interneurons

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Crossed Extensor Reflex Arc #### Diagram Explanation: The image depicts a detailed flow of the crossed extensor reflex arc. The diagram labels the relevant components involved in this neural process: 1. **Quadriceps strongly contracts. Tendon organs are activated.** - The diagram highlights the quadriceps (extensors) muscle contracting, initiating the reflex. 2. **Afferent fibers synapse with interneurons in the spinal cord.** - The pathway of afferent fibers (sensory neurons) is shown leading to the spinal cord, where they synapse with interneurons. 3. **Efferent impulses to muscle with stretched tendon are damped. Muscle relaxes, reducing tension.** - Efferent fibers (motor neurons) pathway depicted leading back to muscles, showcasing how muscles receive damped signals causing relaxation. 4. **Efferent impulses to antagonist muscle cause it to contract.** - Another set of efferent impulses are illustrated leading to antagonist muscles (here, hamstrings or flexors), causing them to contract simultaneously. - **Excitatory synapse (+):** Indicated as the regions where the nerves transmit excitatory impulses. - **Inhibitory synapse (-):** Indicated as the regions where the nerves transmit inhibitory impulses. #### Additional Diagram Description: A diagram below the initial illustration provides an anatomical view of the spinal cord including the sensory and motor pathways involved: - **Afferent Sensory Fiber:** - Sensory nerve fibers entering the spinal cord depicted on the diagram. - **Interneurons (indicate excitatory or inhibitory):** - Shown within the spinal cord connecting sensory pathways to motor pathways. - **Efferent Motor Fibers:** - Motor nerve fibers exiting the spinal cord to control muscle movements. The illustrations in this educational content vividly convey the mechanism and neural pathways involved in the crossed extensor reflex. This reflex is essential for understanding neural control of muscle movements and proprioceptive feedback loops crucial for motion and balance.
Transcribed Image Text:### Crossed Extensor Reflex Arc #### Diagram Explanation: The image depicts a detailed flow of the crossed extensor reflex arc. The diagram labels the relevant components involved in this neural process: 1. **Quadriceps strongly contracts. Tendon organs are activated.** - The diagram highlights the quadriceps (extensors) muscle contracting, initiating the reflex. 2. **Afferent fibers synapse with interneurons in the spinal cord.** - The pathway of afferent fibers (sensory neurons) is shown leading to the spinal cord, where they synapse with interneurons. 3. **Efferent impulses to muscle with stretched tendon are damped. Muscle relaxes, reducing tension.** - Efferent fibers (motor neurons) pathway depicted leading back to muscles, showcasing how muscles receive damped signals causing relaxation. 4. **Efferent impulses to antagonist muscle cause it to contract.** - Another set of efferent impulses are illustrated leading to antagonist muscles (here, hamstrings or flexors), causing them to contract simultaneously. - **Excitatory synapse (+):** Indicated as the regions where the nerves transmit excitatory impulses. - **Inhibitory synapse (-):** Indicated as the regions where the nerves transmit inhibitory impulses. #### Additional Diagram Description: A diagram below the initial illustration provides an anatomical view of the spinal cord including the sensory and motor pathways involved: - **Afferent Sensory Fiber:** - Sensory nerve fibers entering the spinal cord depicted on the diagram. - **Interneurons (indicate excitatory or inhibitory):** - Shown within the spinal cord connecting sensory pathways to motor pathways. - **Efferent Motor Fibers:** - Motor nerve fibers exiting the spinal cord to control muscle movements. The illustrations in this educational content vividly convey the mechanism and neural pathways involved in the crossed extensor reflex. This reflex is essential for understanding neural control of muscle movements and proprioceptive feedback loops crucial for motion and balance.
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