Technically explain and describe with examples how do the Virtual Lans (Vlans) and virtual routing forwarders (VRFs) separate traffic at their specific layer and what are their limitations?
Technically explain and describe with examples how do the Virtual Lans (Vlans) and virtual routing forwarders (VRFs) separate traffic at their specific layer and what are their limitations?
Virtual LANs (VLANs):
Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a concept that allows us to split devices logically on layer 2. (data link layer). Layer 3 devices often split the broadcast domain, although the broadcast domain can also be divided by switches utilizing the VLAN concept. A broadcast domain is a network segment in which if a device broadcasts a packet, it is received by all devices in the same broadcast domain. All broadcast packets are received by devices in the same broadcast domain, but only switches do so because routers do not relay broadcast packets. Inter VLAN routing is required to route packets to different VLANs (from one VLAN to another) or broadcast domains. VLAN creates several small-size sub-networks that are relatively straightforward to manage.
VLAN range:
- VLAN 0, 4095: These are private VLANs that cannot be seen or used.
- VLAN 1: It is the switch's default VLAN. By default, all switch ports are assigned to a VLAN. This VLAN is not deletable or editable, but it can be used.
- VLAN 2-1001: This is a standard VLAN range. These VLANs can be created, edited, and deleted.
- VLAN 1002-1005: For FDDI and token rings, these are the CISCO defaults. These VLANs are not deletable.
- VLAN 1006-4094: This is the VLAN's extended range.
Limitations VLAN:
- An iSCSI-booted device cannot have iSCSI VLANs created, updated, or removed.
- A reboot is required for adding, modifying, or removing iSCSI VLANs.
- Only IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging is supported.
- Allows for a VLAN identifier range of 1 to 4094.
- A team or a single non-teamed adapter can have up to 64 Ethernet VLANs specified.
- On an HP NC-Series Multifunction Gigabit Server Adapter, only one iSCSI VLAN can be created.
- Individual adapters that are members of a team cannot have VLANs defined. VLANs must be defined at the team level.
- When an adapter with VLANs is added to a team, the device's VLANs are erased.
- When a VLAN is defined for an adapter, its parameters are updated as needed to support proper VLAN functionality. For example, on an adapter or team with VLANs, 802.1p QoS must be enabled. Similarly, when an adapter is added to a team with VLANs specified, it has 802.1p QoS enabled.
- If a team has more than one VLAN, the VLAN designated as the 'Default VLAN' cannot be erased. For example, if VLAN 1 must be destroyed and it is the 'Default VLAN,' change the 'Default VLAN' to another VLAN. Then VLAN 1 can be erased.
- TOE and RSS are not supported in this release of Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 x64.
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