Answered: TABLE 8.3 Average Bond Enthalpies…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

The O¬H bond lengths in the water molecule (H₂O) are
0.96 Å, and the H—O—H angle is 104.5°. The dipole moment
of the water molecule is 1.85 D. (a) In what directions
do the bond dipoles of the O—H bonds point? In what direction
does the dipole moment vector of the water molecule
point? (b) Calculate the magnitude of the bond dipole
of the O—H bonds. (Note: You will need to use vector addition to do this.) (c) Compare your answer from part (b)
to the dipole moments of the hydrogen halides (Table 8.3).
Is your answer in accord with the relative electronegativity
of oxygen?

TABLE 8.3 Average Bond Enthalpies (kJ/mol)
Single Bonds
C-H
413
N-H
391
О—н
463
F-F
155
348
N-N
163
0-0
146
293
201
0-F
190
CI-F
253
C-0
358
N-F
272
0-CI
203
Cl-CI
242
C-F
485
N-CI
200
0-I
234
C-CI
328
N-Br
243
Br-F
237
C-Br
276
S-H
339
Br-CI
218
C-I
240
Н-Н
436
S-F
327
Br-Br
193
C-S
259
Н—F
567
S-CI
253
Н—СІ
431
S-Br
218
I-CI
208
Si-H
323
Н—Br
366
S-S
266
I-Br
175
Si-Si
226
Н-I
299
I-I
151
Si-C
301
Si-O
368
Si-CI
464
Multiple Bonds
614
N=N
418
0=0
495
839
N=N
941
615
607
523
C=N
891
S=S
418
799
1072

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