Table 6-1 Free Energies of Hydrolysis of Common Phosphate-Containing CHAPTER 6 Biochemical Energy Production 277 Metabolic Compounds Type Free Energy enol phosphates Example of Hydrolysis (kcal/mole) phosphoenolpyruvate. -14.8 0~P-O Н Н acyl phosphates 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate acetyl phosphate -11.8 -11.3 0~P-O R guanidine phosphates creatine phosphate arginine phosphate -10.3 N-H O -9.1 R-N-C-N~P-O Н НоО triphosphates -7.7 ATP AMP + PP, * ATP ADP + P* -7.5 R-O-P-0~P-0~P-0 -7.8 PP; 2P, ADP AMP + P, diphosphates -7.5 R-O-P-0~P-O -5.0 glucose 1-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate AMP glucose 6-phosphate glycerol 3-phosphate -3.8 sugar phosphates -3.4 adenosine + P 3.3 -2.2 R-O-P-O *The notation P; is used as a general designation for any free monophosphate species present in cellular fluid. Free diphosphate ions are designated as PP; ("i" stands for inorganic). R.
Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.
Glucogenesis
Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,
Which compound in each of the following pairs of phosphate-containing compounds releases more free energy upon hydrolysis?
a. ATP and Phosphoenolpyruvate
b. Creatine phosphate and ADP
c. Glucose 1-phosphate and 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
d. AMP and glycerol 3-phosphate
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