Table 3. Gross Domestic Product: Level and Change from Preceding Period--Continues Billions of dollars Seasonally adjusted at annual rates Billions of chained (2017) dollars Seasonally adjusted at annual rates Change from preceding period Line Line 2023 2023 2023 2024 2023 2024 2024 2023 3 Goods 4 Durable goods 5 Motor vehicles and parts 1 Gross domestic product (GDP) 2 Personal consumption expenditures Q2 Q3 Q4 27,360.9 27,063.0 27,610.1 27,957.0 28,269.2 28,652.3 22,376.9 22,225.4 22,490.7 22,679.3 22,758.8 22,924.9 18,570.6 18,419.0 18,679.5 18,914.5 19,142.5 19,399.9 15,426.1 15,343.6 15,461.4 15,586.7 15,643.0 15,755.2 6,191.5 6,144.7 6,231.8 6,255.7 6,211.7 6,268.3 5,387.7 5,347.3 5,411.3 5,451.1 5,420.0 5,460.2 2,198.8 2,193.6 2,204.5 2,202.2 2,174.6 2,186.5 2,041.9 2,020.9 2,053.9 2,070.1 2,046.7 2,071.4 768.0 772.7 764.6 758.4 725.2 726.0 601.7 599.6 597.8 595.3 573.2 580.2 335.3 106.2 Q1 Q2" Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2' Q1 Q2" 554.9 79.5 166.1 1 56.4 112.1 2 -31.1 40.2 3 81.9 29.1 -22.1 -23.4 24.7 4 7.0 5 6 Furnishings and durable household equipment 478.3 Recreational goods and vehicles 8 Other durable goods 9 Nondurable goods 475.4 478.9 475.7 475.0 477.1 416.9 413.6 419.2 421.0 681.6 676.4 689.7 693.5 695.9 703.1 778.4 764.5 795.0 809.5 271.0 269.1 271.3 274.5 278.5 280.4 277.9 273.7 278.5 284.6 3,992.7 3,951.1 4,027.3 4,053.5 4,037.1 4,081.7 3,355.4 3,335.4 3,367.3 3,391.1 421.3 429.3 804.6 814.8 33 3.9 0.3 53.6 -4.9 292.0 291.6 3,382.1 3,398.7 0.0 7.4 394 8.0 6 10.2 7 -0.4 8 27.9 -9.0 16.6 9 10 Food and beverages purchased for off-premises consumption 11 Clothing and footwear GAN 12 Gasoline and other energy goods 13 Other nondurable goods 14 Services 1,442.3 1,434.1 1,447.8 1,456.6 1,463.6 1,470.5 1,151.1 1,148.5 1,153.9 1,156.2 1,155.6 1,162.1 516.9 511.4 520.6 520.6 523.9 527.9 499.8 492.7 500.2 504.4 508.6 504.6 471.2 456.7 484.5 478.2 453.0 469.2 318.6 319.8 319.0 322.4 312.7 320.5 1,562.4 1,549.0 1,574.4 1,598.1 1,596.6 1,614.2 1,395.4 1,382.0 1,404.0 1,418.3 1,418.3 1,422.3 12,379.2 12,274.4 12,447.7 12,658.8 12,930.8 13,131.6 10,066.2 10,023.1 10,078.7 10,164.0 10,247.3 10,319.5 -16.7 -0.6 6.5 10 2.8 4.2 -4.0 11 7.4 -9.8 7.8 12 35.3 0.0 4.0 13 230.1 83.3 72.2 14 15 Household consumption expenditures (for services) 67662222 16 Housing and utilities 17 Health care 18 Transportation services 19 Recreation services 20 Food services and accommodations Financial services and insurance Other services 11,828.7 11,730.1 11,890.7 12,098.9 12,345.3 12,508.4 9,664.5 9,622.9 9,675.8 9,762.2 9,829.2 9,880.4 3,278.7 3,243.8 3,309.0 3,356.0 3,415.9 3,467.7 2,558.5 2,550.0 2,568.7 2,569.5 2,575.9 2,587.1 2,999.6 2,972.9 3,009.1 3,087.0 3,170.4 3,210.7 2,617.1 2,600.0 2,617.5 2,666.9 2,713.5 2,733.9 604.2 597.8 604.0 619.4 625.0 631.2 469.0 468.2 469.3 474.2 716.3 709.3 722.3 730.8 745.5 758.1 588.7 587.4 590.7 591.3 1,367.4 1,347.1 1,377.8 1,411.2 1,414.1 1,423.6 1,054.8 1,041.1 1,059.0 1,075.7 1,321.9 1,316.7 1,336.0 1,336.8 1,390.4 1,410.1 1,047.0 1,048.7 1,052.2 1,049.8 1,064.1 1,064.1 1,540.6 1,542.5 1,532.6 1,557.7 1,583.9 1,607.0 1,340.3 1,338.4 1,327.6 1,347.3 1,355.0 1,359.9 251.4 67.1 51.2 15 9.4 6.4 11.1 16 137.8 46.6 20.4 17 474.5 480.4 0.4 0.3 5.9 18 595.4 604.6 21.5 4.1 9.3 19 1,066.7 1,067.2 40.4 -9.0 0.5 20 15.5 14.3 0.0 21 32.5 7.7 5.0 22 23 Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households 22 24 25 Gross output of nonprofit institutions Less: Receipts from sales of 550.4 544.3 557.0 559.9 585.5 623.2 405.3 403.8 406.4 405.9 420.8 440.1 2,012.8 1,996.9 2,019.6 2,062.5 2,129.6 2,169.4 1,642.4 1,635.7 1,639.7 1,661.0 1,698.2 1,714.6 -18.4 14.9 19.3 23 29.2 37.2 16.4 24 goods and services by nonprofit institutions 29 Structures 30 Equipment Information processing 26 Gross private domestic investment 222225 Fixed investment Nonresidential 1,462.4 1,452.6 1,462.6 1,502.6 1,544.1 1,546.1 1,240.5 1,235.3 1,236.5 1,259.2 1,280.7 1,275.4 4,843.9 4,780.3 4,915.0 4,954.4 5,020.5 5,144.2 4,051.9 4,014.1 4,111.1 4,118.7 4,163.2 4,239.0 4,790.3 4,761.7 4,813.0 4,884.3 4,984.6 5,053.1 3,964.8 3,955.9 3,981.3 4,016.0 4,084.2 4,114.6 3,716.1 3,709.1 3,730.6 3,783.5 3,842.1 3,906.6 3,271.7 3,272.7 3,284.5 3,314.9 3,351.1 3,388.6 839.8 832.5 849.8 876.6 883.1 880.5 626.1 619.3 635.9 652.5 658.0 655.4 1,381.4 1,390.4 1,382.6 1,383.9 1,403.6 1,446.1 1,245.9 1,259.6 1,245.5 1,242.1 1,247.1 1,279.6 51.0 21.4 -5.3 25 -50.9 44.5 75.8 26 25.5 68.2 30.4 27 140.1 36.3 37.5 28 73.2 -3.3 55 5.5 -2.6 29 5.1 32.5 30 equipment 32 Industrial equipment 33 Transportation equipment 34 Other equipment 321.2 321.2 320.9 35 Intellectual property products 36 Software 1,495.0 1,486.2 1,498.2 1,523.0 640.6 633.6 640.9 655.5 37 Research and development 742.7 740.2 745.5 755.1 769.9 781.5 603.4 459.0 457.8 450.0 463.0 474.6 485.9 482.8 482.0 473.3 486.3 494.4 504.1 307.8 308.6 305.7 306.1 318.7 317.5 251.8 252.7 249.2 249.2 256.8 254.1 293.4 302.7 305.9 291.2 281.6 313.1 263.8 276.7 275.5 259.2 246.6 273.3 323.5 328.7 329.7 252.7 253.1 251.7 253.3 255.5 1,555.4 1,580.0 1,398.7 1,394.0 1,400.4 1,415.3 1,441.8 1,451.0 670.5 683.3 720.9 712.1 724.9 744.1 763.9 766.4 60.6 605.1 -27.1 8.0 -3.1 7.6 06 9.8 31 -2.7 32 35.6 -12.6 26.7 33 255.5 -9.4 2.2 0.0 34 59.9 26.5 9.2 35 601.7 602.0 610.6 616.9 50 19.8 2.5 36 5.8 8.6 6.3 37 38 Entertainment, literary, and artistic originals 39 Residential 111.6 112.4 111.8 112.4 115.1 1,074.2 1,052.6 1,082.4 1,100.8 1,142.4 1,146.5 735.3 727.1 115.1 93.8 94.4 94.1 93.0 738.9 744.1 93.3 772.2 768.2 -87.4 93.1 1.8 0.2 -0.2 38 28.1 -4.0 39 40 Change in private inventories 53.6 18.6 102.0 70.1 36.0 91.1 43.7 14.9 77.8 54.9 28.6 69.0 -84.4 -26.3 40.3 40 41 Farm -0.9 2.0 3.8 -1.6 -2.6 -2.5 -1.1 0.2 -0.2 -2.8 -2.4 -1.9 14.1 0.4 0.5 41 42 Nonfarm 54.5 16.6 98.3 71.7 38.6 93.6 45.1 14.8 78.5 58.4 31.5 71.6 -97.1 -26.9 40.1 42 Line 43 Net exports of goods and services 44 Exports 45 Goods 46 Services 47 Imports 48 Goods 49 Services 50 Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Federal 2023 2023 Q2 Q3 Q4 2024 Table 3. Gross Domestic Product: Level and Change from Preceding Period--Table Ends Billions of dollars Seasonally adjusted at annual rates Billions of chained (2017) dollars Seasonally adjusted at annual rates Change from preceding period Line 2023 2023 2024 2024 2023 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q2' 00 Q1 Q2' 122.9 -41.7 -49.9 43 64.3 9.9 9.9 44 43.8 -2.3 5.4 45 20.1 11.8 4.5 46 -58.6 51.6 59.8 47 -47.5 45.6 55.0 48 -10.1 6.3 5.4 49 Q1 Q2" Q1 -798.7 -806.1 -779.2 -783.7 -834.9 -891.8 -928.1 -928.2 -930.7 -918.5 -960.3 -1,010.2 3,027.2 2,961.8 3,030.8 3,051.7 3,084.8 3,118.5 2,503.9 2,464.7 2,497.3 2,528.2 2,538.1 2,548.0 2,031.3 1,968.6 2,026.7 2,039.3 2,041.4 2,060.0 1,697.1 1,656.8 1,687.7 1,713.3 1,711.0 1,716.4 996.0 993.2 1,004.0 1,012.4 1,043.4 1,058.5 810.1 810.7 812.8 818.4 830.1 834.6 3,825.9 3,767.9 3,810.0 3,835.4 3,919.7 4,010.3 3,432.0 3,392.9 3,428.0 3,446.8 3,498.4 3,558.2 3,111.8 3,058.0 3,107.5 3,123.1 3,186.9 3,265.3 2,838.7 2,804.3 2,844.7 2,854.1 2,899.6 2,954.6 714.1 709.8 702.4 712.3 732.8 745.0 596.9 591.8 587.6 596.5 602.9 608.3 51 52 National defense 53 Consumption expenditures 54 Gross investment 55 Nondefense 815.7 56 Consumption expenditures 576.9 4,745.1 4,669.8 4,794.8 4,871.8 4,941.0 5,000.0 3,819.7 3,789.8 3,843.4 3,887.0 3,904.3 3,930.1 1,771.7 1,744.3 1,791.9 1,820.0 1,837.4 1,865.5 1,480.7 1,466.9 1,492.3 1,501.0 1,500.1 1,512.1 994.7 978.9 1,009.1 1,022.0 1,030.1 1,049.8 827.5 820.1 836.8 837.8 835.9 845.9 777.1 764.9 789.1 794.4 803.7 812.8 637.2 632.1 644.7 641.3 641.3 643.9 217.6 214.0 220.1 227.6 226.4 237.0 191.1 188.8 192.9 197.7 777.0 765.5 782.8 798.0 807.3 655.5 663.2 552.1 542.3 557.2 565.7 572.1 149.3 17.3 25.8 50 59.9 -0.9 12.1 51 27.4 -1.9 10.1 52 19.6 0.1 2.6 53 195.6 203.5 8.0 -2.1 7.9 54 653.2 646.7 664.2 666.2 32.6 1.0 2.0 55 57 Gross investment 58 State and local 59 Consumption expenditures 60 Gross investment 61 Residual 456.5 459.6 459.3 459.8 225.0 223.2 225.6 232.3 235.2 238.8 199.6 198.6 199.8 204.7 206.1 207.7 2,973.4 2,925.5 3,002.9 3,051.8 3,103.6 3,134.6 2,339.2 2,323.0 2,351.4 2,385.9 2,403.7 2,417.5 2,423.5 2,388.3 2,443.9 2,462.6 2,501.0 2,525.0 1,916.3 1,909.2 1,921.7 1,933.7 1,943.9 1,952.8 549.9 537.2 559.0 589.3 602.6 609.6 421.8 412.8 428.4 450.4 457.8 462.7 -106.9 -102.5 -101.2 -116.8 -112.1 -110.7 454.5 449.1 19.2 -0.3 0.5 56 13.7 1.4 1.6 57 89.6 17.8 13.9 58 41.9 10.3 8.9 59 46.9 7.4 4.9 60 61 Addenda: 62 Gross domestic income (GDI) 1 63 Average of GDP and GDI 64 Final sales of domestic product 65 Gross domestic purchases 66 Final sales to domestic purchasers 67 68 Final sales to private domestic purchasers GDP 26,851.2 26,625.7 26,969.7 27,324.0 27,623.5 27,882.5 21,960.0 21,866.2 21,969.0 22,165.8 22,238.9 22,308.9 27,106.1 26,844.4 27,289.9 27,640.5 27,946.3 28,267.4 22,168.5 22,045.8 22,229.8 22,422.5 22,498.8 22,616.9 27,307.3 27,044.5 27,508.1 27,886.9 28,233.2 28,561.2 22,290.3 22,167.1 22,362.5 22,577.5 22,680.5 22,802.7 28,159.6 27,869.1 28,389.4 28,740.7 29,104.1 29,544.2 23,291.1 23,140.9 23,409.0 23,586.2 23,704.0 23,916.8 28,106.0 27,850.5 28,287.3 28,670.6 29,068.1 29,453.0 23,204.2 23,082.6 23,280.0 23,483.9 23,625.5 23,793.7 23,360.9 23,180.7 23,492.5 23,798.8 24,127.1 24,453.0 19,390.3 19,298.9 19,442.1 19,602.2 19,726.7 19,869.2 27,360.9 27,063.0 27,610.1 27,957.0 28,269.2 28,652.3 22,376.9 22,225.4 22,490.7 22,679.3 22,758.8 22,924.9 93.7 73.1 70.0 62 324.3 76.3 118.0 63 629.2 103.1 122.1 64 436.7 117.8 212.8 65 511.9 141.6 168.2 66 360.3 124.5 142.5 67 554.9 79.5 166.1 68 69 Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world 1,457.1 1,452.7 1,499.9 1,485.0 1,523.9 1,523.9 1,263.9 1,265.2 1,297.1 1,278.0 1,301.3 1,293.6 140.1 23.3 -7.7 69 70 Less: Income payments to the rest of the world 71 Equals: Gross national product 72 Net domestic product 1,292.9 1,279.7 1,335.8 1,324.2 1,375.8 1,396.5 1,121.7 1,114.6 1,155.4 1,139.9 1,175.1 1,185.8 27,525.1 27,236.1 27,774.2 28,117.8 28,417.3 28,779.7 22,528.5 22,384.6 22,641.8 22,827.2 22,895.5 23,044.5 22,775.1 22,506.0 22,998.7 23,289.7 23,554.5 23,874.8 18,594.1 18,455.6 18,693.8 18,856.6 18,909.8 19,047.8 160.8 35.2 10.7 70 535.8 68.3 148.9 71 445.8 53.2 138.0 72 r Revised 1. Real gross domestic income is gross domestic income deflated by the implicit price deflator for gross domestic product. Note. Users are cautioned that particularly for components that exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component's relative importance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of the contributions to percent changes in real gross domestic product, use table 2. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis