TABLE 3-1 Critical Values of the x2 Distribution P df 0.995 0.975 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 df 1 .000 .000 0.016 0.455 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 1 0.010 0.051 0.211 1.386 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597 2 3 0.072 0.216 0.584 2.366 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838 3 4 0.207 0.484 1.064 3.357 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860 4 0.412 0.831 1.610 4.351 9.236 11.070 12.832 15.086 16.750 0.676 1.237 2.204 5.348 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548 7 0.989 1.690 2.833 6.346 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278 7 8 1.344 2.180 3.490 7.344 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955 1.735 2.700 4.168 8.343 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589 9 10 2.156 3.247 4.865 9.342 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188 10 11 2.603 3.816 5.578 10.341 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757 11 12 3.074 4.404 6.304 11.340 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300 12 13 3.565 5.009 7.042 12.340 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819 13 14 4.075 5.629 7.790 13.339 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319 14 15 4.601 6.262 8.547 14.339 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801 15
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Using Table 3-1, answer the following questions about
probability values (see p. 97):
a. If χ2 is calculated to be 17 with 9 df, what is the
approximate probability value?
b. If χ2 is 17 with 6 df, what is the probability value?
c. What trend (“rule”) do you see in the previous two
calculations?
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