Table 25.1 Index of Refraction in Various Media Medium Gases at 0°C,1 atm Air 1.000293 Carbon dioxide 1.00045 Hydrogen 1.000139 Oxygen 1.000271 Liquids at 20°C Benzene 1.501 Carbon disulfide 1.628 Carbon tetrachloride 1.461 Ethanol 1.361 Glycerine 1.473 Water, fresh 1.333 Solids at 20°C Diamond 2.419 Fluorite 1.434 Glass, crown 1.52 Glass, flint 1.66 Ice at 20°C 1.309 Polystyrene 1.49 Plexiglas 1.51 Quartz, crystalline 1.544 Quartz, fused Sodium chloride 1.458 1.544 Zircon 1.923
Refraction of Light
Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.
Angle of Refraction
Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic radiation whereas part of it is perceived by humans. Visible spectrum defined by humans lies in a range of 400 to 700 nm wavelengths.
Index of Refraction of Diamond
Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the best conductors of heat and have a very high melting point.
You can determine the index of refraction of a substance by determining its critical angle. (a) What is the index of refraction of a substance that has a critical angle of 68.4º when submerged in water? What is the substance, based on Table? (b) What would the critical angle be for this substance in air?
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