TABLE 12.6 Polymers of Commercial Importance Polymer Structure Uses Addition Polymers Polyethylene +CH,-CH, Films, packaging, bottles Poly propylene Kitchenware, fibers, appliances FсH —сн7 Polysty rene Packaging, disposable food containers, Insulation Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Pipe fittings, plumbing CH-CHA Condensation Polymers "Foam" furniture stuffing, spray-on insulation, automotive parts, footwear, water-protective coatings Polyurethane FNH-R-NH-Ç-0-R'-O- R, R' = -CH-CH (for example) Polyethylene terephthalate (a polyester) Tire cord, magnetic tape, apparel, soft- Ғo—CH—CН —о—ҫ- drink bottles Nylon 6,6 FNH-(CH2),–NH-C-(CH2), Home furnishings, apparel, carpet, fishing line, toothbrush bristles Polycarbonate CH3 Shatterproof eyeglass lenses, CDs, DVDS, bulletproof windows, greenhouses tofo-4 ČH3 IPE TABLE 8.3 Average Bond Enthalpies (kJ/mol) Single Bonds C-H 413 N-H 391 О—н 463 F-F 155 348 N-N 163 0-0 146 293 201 0-F 190 CI-F 253 C-0 358 N-F 272 0-CI 203 Cl-CI 242 C-F 485 N-CI 200 0-I 234 C-CI 328 N-Br 243 Br-F 237 C-Br 276 S-H 339 Br-CI 218 C-I 240 Н-Н 436 S-F 327 Br-Br 193 C-S 259 Н—F 567 S-CI 253 Н—СІ 431 S-Br 218 I-CI 208 Si-H 323 Н—Br 366 S-S 266 I-Br 175 Si-Si 226 Н-I 299 I-I 151 Si-C 301 Si-O 368 Si-CI 464 Multiple Bonds 614 N=N 418 0=0 495 839 N=N 941 615 607 523 C=N 891 S=S 418 799 1072

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Thermochemistry

Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.    

Exergonic Reaction

The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.