Table 10.2 Properties of Salt Crystals with the NaClI Structure Nearest- Repulsive Range Parameter Dissociation Neighbor Separation (nm) Energy (kJ/mol) Salt Crystal р (nm) LiF 0.214 0.029 1014 LİCI 0.257 0.033 832.6 LiBr 0.275 0.034 794.5 Lil 0.300 0.037 743.8 NaF 0.232 0.029 897.5 NaCI 0.282 0.032 764.4 NaBr 0.299 0.033 726.7 Nal 0.324 0.035 683.2 KF 0.267 0.030 794.5 KCI 0.315 0.033 694.0 KBr 0.330 0.034 663.5 KI 0.353 0.035 627.5 RbF 0.282 0.030 759.3 RÜCI 0.329 0.032 666.8 RbBr 0.345 0.034 638.8 RbI 0.367 0.035 606.6 From C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 5th ed., New York: Wiley (1976), p. 92.
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
What patterns do you notice within the groups of salts in Table ? (A group is defi ned as having the same metal, e.g., sodium.) Explain those patterns.
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