TABLE 1.8 Consumer Reports Data Set for 15 Compact Sports Utility Vichicles Overall Owner Overall Miles Acceleration Make Model Score Recommended Satisfaction Per Gallon (0-60) Sec Subaru Forester 84 Yes 26 8.7 Honda CRV 83 Yes ++ 27 8.6 Toyota Rav4 81 Yes ++ 24 9.3 Nissan Rogue 73 Yes + 24 9.5 Mazda CX-5 71 Yes 24 8.6 ++ Sportage Escape Volkswagen Tiguan Limited Volkswagen Tiguan Kia 71 Yes 23 9.6 Ford 69 Yes 23 10.1 67 No 21 8.5 65 No 25 10.3 Mitsubishi Outlander 63 No 24 10.0 Equinox Tucson Chevrolet 63 No 31 10.1 Hyundai 57 No 26 8.4 Terrain 7.2 22 22 GMC 57 No Jeep Jeep Cherokee 55 No 10.9 Compass 50 No 24 9.8 + O o o OIO
Correlation
Correlation defines a relationship between two independent variables. It tells the degree to which variables move in relation to each other. When two sets of data are related to each other, there is a correlation between them.
Linear Correlation
A correlation is used to determine the relationships between numerical and categorical variables. In other words, it is an indicator of how things are connected to one another. The correlation analysis is the study of how variables are related.
Regression Analysis
Regression analysis is a statistical method in which it estimates the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variable. In simple terms dependent variable is called as outcome variable and independent variable is called as predictors. Regression analysis is one of the methods to find the trends in data. The independent variable used in Regression analysis is named Predictor variable. It offers data of an associated dependent variable regarding a particular outcome.
Comparing Compact SUVs. Consumer Reports evaluates products for consumers. The file
CompactSUV contains the data shown in Table 1.8 for 15 compact sports utility vehicles (SUVs)
from the 2018 model line (Consumer Reports website):
Make—manufacturer
Model—name of the model
Overall score—awarded based on a variety of measures, including those in this data set
Recommended—Consumer Reports recommends the vehicle or not
Owner satisfaction—satisfaction on a five-point scale based on the percentage of owners who would purchase the vehicle again (– –, –, 0, +, + +).
Overall miles per gallon—miles per gallon achieved in a 150-mile test trip
Acceleration (0–60 sec)—time in seconds it takes vehicle to reach 60 miles per hour from a standstill with the engine idling
a. How many variables are in the data set?
b. Which of the variables are categorical, and which are quantitative?
c. What percentage of these 15 vehicles are recommended?
d. What is the average of the overall miles per gallon across all 15 vehicles?
e. For owner satisfaction, construct a bar chart.
f. Show the frequency distribution for acceleration using the following intervals: 7.0–7.9, 8.0–8.9, 9.0–9.9, and 10.0–10.9. Construct a histogram.
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