**Educational Content on Inherited Conditions: Hemophilia and Colorblindness**This educational content is derived from a laboratory manual focused on understanding genetic inheritance patterns of conditions such as hemophilia and colorblindness, which are both X-linked traits.**Exercise 1: Inheritance of Hemophilia**Hemophilia is a condition where blood does not clot properly and is inherited as a recessive trait located on the X chromosome. This exercise involves crossing a normal male (with no hemophilia) and a female carrier of the hemophilia trait. The objective is to determine the potential genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring.- **Genotypes** of the offspring are to be determined for both males and females.- **Phenotypes** expected are normal or hemophiliac.- A **Punnett square** is used to visualize and calculate the probabilities of each genotype and phenotype appearance.**Exercise 2: Inheritance of Colorblindness**Colorblindness is another X-linked recessive trait. This section involves crossing a colorblind male with a female who has a family history of colorblindness and is potentially a carrier.- **Genotypes** include various combinations of colorblindness or normal vision alleles.- Phenotypes involve being colorblind or having normal vision.- The utilization of a **Punnett square** assists in determining expected genotype and phenotype ratios for this cross.The laboratory encourages students to calculate:- **Genotype ratio**: The ratio of different genetic makeups possible among offspring.- **Phenotype ratio**: The ratio of observable traits resulting from the genetic cross.**Associated Diagrams**Two tables or Punnett squares accompany each exercise, mapping the allele combinations from each parent to predict the genetic outcomes for their potential children.**Institutional Reference**This content is part of the Laboratory Manual for Biology 3, and the exercises take place within the context of a course provided by Los Angeles Valley College.Page Reference: 96. Certainly! Here's a transcription and detailed explanation suitable for an educational website:---### Genetics Lab Exercises#### Exercise 12- **Scenario**: A white-fur rabbit breeds with a black-fur rabbit and all the offspring have a phenotype of gray fur.- **Question**: What does the gene for fur color in rabbits appear to be an example of? Explain your answer.#### Exercise 13- **Scenario**: A man with AB blood has children with a woman with type B blood. The woman's mother had type O blood.- **Task**: Cross the man and woman to determine the possible offspring. - **Genotype**: - Man: [ ] - Woman: [ ] - Mother: [ ] - **Gametes**: - [ ] - [ ] - **Phenotype**: - [ ] - [ ] - **Punnett Square**: [ ]#### Exercise 14- **Scenario**: A certain red and blue fish, when mated, create offspring with a patchwork of blue and red scales. - **Task**: Cross a blue fish and a fish with patchwork red/blue scales. - **Genotype**: - Blue Fish: [ ] - Patchwork Fish: [ ] - **Gametes**: - [ ] - [ ] - **Phenotype**: - [ ] - [ ] - **Punnett Square**: [ ]- **Genotype Ratio**: [ ]- **Phenotype Ratio**: [ ]#### Lab Information- Topic: **Genetics**- Page: 95- Lab Number: 8---**Note**: - The document appears to be a laboratory exercise from a genetics course, focusing on various inheritance patterns.- Spaces are provided for students to fill in genotypes, phenotypes, and Punnett squares based on hypothetical genetic crosses.- Exercises encourage understanding of dominance, codominance, and incomplete dominance patterns.

Name: **Educational Content on Inherited Conditions: Hemophilia and Colorbl
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Description: **Educational Content on Inherited Conditions: Hemophilia and Colorblindness**This educational content is derived from a laboratory manual focused on understanding genetic inheritance patterns of conditions such as hemophilia and colorblindness, whi

Punnett square is defined as a diagram which is used for predicting the genotype for a particular cross. Thus, it helps calculate the probability of an offspring carrying a particular genotype.(1) For the haemophilia condition, H means normal and h means haemophilic. Male: Genotype: XHY; Phenotype: normal male; Gametes: XH and Y. Female: Genotype: XHXh;Phenotype: carrier female; Gametes: XH and Xh. Punnett square Gametes XH Y XH XHXH (normal female) XHY (normal male) Xh XHXh (carrier female) XhY (carrier male) Genotypic ratio, 1(XHXH):1(XHXh):1(XHY):1(XhY) Phenotypic ratio, 1(normal female):1(carrier female):1(normal male):1(carrier male) (2)For colour blindness case, C represents colour blindness and is only present on X. Male: Genotype: XCY; Phenotype: carrier male; Gametes: XCY and Y. Female: Genotype: XX; Phenotype: normal female; Gametes: X and X. Punnett square: Gametes XC Y X XCX (carrier female) XY (normal male) X XCX (carrier female) XY (normal male) Genotypic ratio, 2(XCX):2(XY) Phenotypic ratio, 2(carrier female):2(normal male)(3) As the parent rabbits are black and white-furred and the offspring obtained are grey-furred therefore, this is a case of incomplete dominance. This happens when neither of the alleles is dominant and thus, both the allele that is black and white-furred gets expressed resulting in grey-furred offsprings. (4) For the blood group cross, I represent the dominant blood group and i represents recessive. Man: Genotype: IAIB; Phenotype: AB blood group; Gametes: IA and IB. Woman: Genotype: IBi; Phenotype: B blood group; Gametes: IB and i. Mother: Genotype: ii; Phenotype: O blood group; Gametes: i and i. Punnett square: Gametes IA IB IB IAIB(AB blood group) IBIB(B blood group) i IAi (A blood group) IBi (B blood group) Genotypic ratio, 1(IAIB):1(IAi):1(IBIB):1(IBi) Phenotypic ratio, 1(AB blood group):1(A blood group):1(B blood group) (5) For red and blue fish, R means red and B means blue. Blue fish: Genotype: BB; Phenotype: blue fish; Gametes: B and B Patchwork fish: Genotype: RB; Phenotype: patchwork fish; Gametes: R and B Punnett square: Gametes R B B RB (Patchwork fish) BB (blue fish) B RB (Patchwork fish) BB (blue fish) Genotypic ratio: 2(RB):2(BB) Phenotypic ratio: 2(patchwork fish):2(blue fish)There are two types of alleles dominant and recessive. If the test cross occurs between two dominant alleles, there are chances of both getting expressed, leading to incomplete dominance.