T c) When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens relax, the focal length is 9.0000 cm. With this focal length, how close must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the near point of vision.) d) As people age, the crystalline lens hardens (a condition called presbyopia or "old-age" eyes) and can only vary in focal length from 12 to 15.60 cm. Calculate range of vision (the new near point and far point) for this older eye.
T c) When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens relax, the focal length is 9.0000 cm. With this focal length, how close must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the near point of vision.) d) As people age, the crystalline lens hardens (a condition called presbyopia or "old-age" eyes) and can only vary in focal length from 12 to 15.60 cm. Calculate range of vision (the new near point and far point) for this older eye.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Optical Physics and Vision
#### Study Questions
1. **When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens relax, the focal length is 9.0000 cm. With this focal length, how close must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the near point of vision.)**
2. **As people age, the crystalline lens hardens (a condition called presbyopia or "old-age" eyes) and can only vary in focal length from 12 to 15.60 cm. Calculate the range of vision (the new near point and far point) for this older eye.**
3. **Based on part 2, why might an older person hold the newspaper at arm's length to read it?**
4. **The iris of the eye serves two different purposes. First, the iris controls the total amount of light entering the eye so a person can see in varying light levels. Secondly, the iris blocks light from hitting the extreme edges of the crystalline lens. Why might an eye want to block the light hitting the extreme edges of the lens? What is the name for the effect when light does hit the edges of a lens? Can you understand why a person's vision is blurred when they get their eyes dilated at the doctor?**
5. **A person's eyes also dilate when they get drunk. What effect does this have on vision (not to mention judgment)?**
6. **What is the pupil of the eye?**
7. **Explain why the crystalline lens of the eye gets a virtual object from the cornea.**
Note: There are no graphs or diagrams included in the given image.
---
This content is provided to assist in understanding how the human eye functions, particularly focusing on the changes that occur with aging and the importance of the lens and iris in vision.
The human eye can be approximated by a two-lens optical system. Light enters the eye and first travels through the cornea and aqueous humor. The cornea and aqueous humor are sometimes called the aqueous lens. The aqueous lens of a sample eye has a focal length of 4.16666 cm. The iris blocks some of the light that travels through the aqueous lens. Next, light travels through the center of the crystalline lens and vitreous humor to the retina. The crystalline lens and the vitreous humor can be approximated by one lens, called the crystalline lens, with a focal length that can change. For healthy eyes, the crystalline lens is set 0.50000 cm behind the aqueous lens and can vary in focal length from 9.0000 cm to 16.5000 cm. The retina acts as an image screen upon which real images are focused for processing by the brain. The retina is 3.0000 cm behind the crystalline lens.
**Diagram:**
The provided image shows a labeled diagram of the human eye, highlighting the various components such as:
- Cornea
- Aqueous humor
- Iris
- Pupil
- Crystalline lens
- Ciliary muscle
- Vitreous humor
- Retina
- Optic nerve
- Retinal arteries and veins
**Exercise:**
a) Draw an optical diagram of the eye’s lens system. Label the positions of the aqueous lens, the crystalline lens, and the retina.
**Diagram Explanation:**
- **Aqueous Lens:** Located at the front of the eye, just behind the cornea.
- **Crystalline Lens:** Positioned 0.50000 cm behind the aqueous lens.
- **Retina:** Located 3.0000 cm behind the crystalline lens.
**Sample Diagram:**
(video/graph to create based on placement)
b) Given that the muscles connected to the crystalline lens contract fully, reducing the focal length to 16.5000 cm. With this focal length, determine the distance at which an object must be placed to form sharply focused images on the retina. This specific distance is termed the far point of vision.
---
By understanding the functional components of the human eye and its approximate two-lens system, students will gain insight into how the eye focuses light and processes visual information. This fundamental knowledge is essential for further exploration in fields such as optics, biology, and](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5498129d-fa90-4054-9767-1cffe54599e5%2Fe48bf9d6-95a6-4af9-ae65-e4ce42911d01%2Ft0r3j1d_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:# The Human Eye
The human eye can be approximated by a two-lens optical system. Light enters the eye and first travels through the cornea and aqueous humor. The cornea and aqueous humor are sometimes called the aqueous lens. The aqueous lens of a sample eye has a focal length of 4.16666 cm. The iris blocks some of the light that travels through the aqueous lens. Next, light travels through the center of the crystalline lens and vitreous humor to the retina. The crystalline lens and the vitreous humor can be approximated by one lens, called the crystalline lens, with a focal length that can change. For healthy eyes, the crystalline lens is set 0.50000 cm behind the aqueous lens and can vary in focal length from 9.0000 cm to 16.5000 cm. The retina acts as an image screen upon which real images are focused for processing by the brain. The retina is 3.0000 cm behind the crystalline lens.
**Diagram:**
The provided image shows a labeled diagram of the human eye, highlighting the various components such as:
- Cornea
- Aqueous humor
- Iris
- Pupil
- Crystalline lens
- Ciliary muscle
- Vitreous humor
- Retina
- Optic nerve
- Retinal arteries and veins
**Exercise:**
a) Draw an optical diagram of the eye’s lens system. Label the positions of the aqueous lens, the crystalline lens, and the retina.
**Diagram Explanation:**
- **Aqueous Lens:** Located at the front of the eye, just behind the cornea.
- **Crystalline Lens:** Positioned 0.50000 cm behind the aqueous lens.
- **Retina:** Located 3.0000 cm behind the crystalline lens.
**Sample Diagram:**
(video/graph to create based on placement)
b) Given that the muscles connected to the crystalline lens contract fully, reducing the focal length to 16.5000 cm. With this focal length, determine the distance at which an object must be placed to form sharply focused images on the retina. This specific distance is termed the far point of vision.
---
By understanding the functional components of the human eye and its approximate two-lens system, students will gain insight into how the eye focuses light and processes visual information. This fundamental knowledge is essential for further exploration in fields such as optics, biology, and
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