t 2 V Examine the lower (ventral) surface and note the many rhizoids. A rhizoid is a tubular structure of one or more cells that anchors the thallus to the substrate. You should also find multicellular scales on the lower surface. 6. Why are these rhizoids not considered true roots? The gametophytes of Marchantia are unisexual, with the gametangia being borne on specialized, erect branches of the male and female plants. The antheridia occur on disk- headed branches, the antheridiophores, and the archegonia occur on spoke-headed branches, the archegoniophores. Examine the prepared slides of Marchantia antheridial disks with elongated antheridia. Note the pores in the upper epidermis of the disks and find the antheridia. Each antheridium consists of a short stalk and a body of spermatogenous (sperm forming) tissue surrounded by a sterile jacket layer that is one cell thick (see text Figure 16-6a page 370). 7. Label the antheridia in Figure 2 below.

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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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t
8
V
TH
Examine the lower (ventral) surface and note the many rhizoids. A rhizoid is a tubular
structure of one or more cells that anchors the thallus to the substrate. You should also find
multicellular scales on the lower surface.
6. Why are these rhizoids not considered true roots?
The gametophytes of Marchantia are unisexual, with the gametangia being borne on
specialized, erect branches of the male and female plants. The antheridia occur on disk-
headed branches, the antheridiophores, and the archegonia occur on spoke-headed
branches, the archegoniophores.
Examine the prepared slides of Marchantia antheridial disks with elongated antheridia.
Note the pores in the upper epidermis of the disks and find the antheridia. Each
antheridium consists of a short stalk and a body of spermatogenous (sperm forming)
tissue surrounded by a sterile jacket layer that is one cell thick (see text Figure 16-6a
page 370).
7. Label the antheridia in Figure 2 below.
00000
Figure 2. Marchantia antheridial head l.s.
8. Does meiosis or mitosis produce the sperm nuclei?
yd bezolons 916 219tsie beisp
ons 291002 200
Examine a prepared slide of an archegonial head. Find a fully developed archegonium and
identify the swollen basal portion, or venter; the egg cell within the venter; and the
elongate neck, with its neck canal cells (see text Figure 16-6b, page 370). The flaps of
tissue (actually collar-like in three dimensions) extending downward around the
archegonium constitute a protective tissue.
79
Photo by Carolyn Alling
Transcribed Image Text:t 8 V TH Examine the lower (ventral) surface and note the many rhizoids. A rhizoid is a tubular structure of one or more cells that anchors the thallus to the substrate. You should also find multicellular scales on the lower surface. 6. Why are these rhizoids not considered true roots? The gametophytes of Marchantia are unisexual, with the gametangia being borne on specialized, erect branches of the male and female plants. The antheridia occur on disk- headed branches, the antheridiophores, and the archegonia occur on spoke-headed branches, the archegoniophores. Examine the prepared slides of Marchantia antheridial disks with elongated antheridia. Note the pores in the upper epidermis of the disks and find the antheridia. Each antheridium consists of a short stalk and a body of spermatogenous (sperm forming) tissue surrounded by a sterile jacket layer that is one cell thick (see text Figure 16-6a page 370). 7. Label the antheridia in Figure 2 below. 00000 Figure 2. Marchantia antheridial head l.s. 8. Does meiosis or mitosis produce the sperm nuclei? yd bezolons 916 219tsie beisp ons 291002 200 Examine a prepared slide of an archegonial head. Find a fully developed archegonium and identify the swollen basal portion, or venter; the egg cell within the venter; and the elongate neck, with its neck canal cells (see text Figure 16-6b, page 370). The flaps of tissue (actually collar-like in three dimensions) extending downward around the archegonium constitute a protective tissue. 79 Photo by Carolyn Alling
fern nrothalli....
antheridia and archegonia.
Student Preparation
Read text Chapter 16, pages 366-390.
Figure 1: Alternation of Generations
Mitosis
Spores 60
- + - +
Meiosis
One cell from
Sporophyte
undergoes meiosis
Gametophytes
Haploid multicellular
individuals
1n
2n
saldy
Quisetum, and at least one fern
- Gamete + Gamete
Fertilization
Sporophyte
Diploid multicellular
individual
1. Are these thalli the gametopytes or sporophytes?_
2. Are the thalli haploid or diploid?
Mitosis
Exercise I Marchantiophyta: The Liverworts
Examine with the dissecting microscope the thalli of the relatively large, dichotomously
branching gametophytes of Marchantia
3. Are any gemma cups containing gemmae present on your plant?
4. What is the function of gemmae?.
78
Zygote
Examine carefully with the dissecting microscope the additional liverworts that are
available. Note the dichotomous branching, the midrib-like region, and the air pores on the
upper (dorsal) surface.
5. How is dichotomous branching different from the branching pattern seen in higher
plants?
Transcribed Image Text:fern nrothalli.... antheridia and archegonia. Student Preparation Read text Chapter 16, pages 366-390. Figure 1: Alternation of Generations Mitosis Spores 60 - + - + Meiosis One cell from Sporophyte undergoes meiosis Gametophytes Haploid multicellular individuals 1n 2n saldy Quisetum, and at least one fern - Gamete + Gamete Fertilization Sporophyte Diploid multicellular individual 1. Are these thalli the gametopytes or sporophytes?_ 2. Are the thalli haploid or diploid? Mitosis Exercise I Marchantiophyta: The Liverworts Examine with the dissecting microscope the thalli of the relatively large, dichotomously branching gametophytes of Marchantia 3. Are any gemma cups containing gemmae present on your plant? 4. What is the function of gemmae?. 78 Zygote Examine carefully with the dissecting microscope the additional liverworts that are available. Note the dichotomous branching, the midrib-like region, and the air pores on the upper (dorsal) surface. 5. How is dichotomous branching different from the branching pattern seen in higher plants?
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