Synthesis of Alkenes: 1. Explain how Le Chatlier's principle was employed during this experiment. 2. In the presence of an alkene, what is the result of the potassium permanganate test for double bonds? Be specific in description of results. Hydrogenation: Why is a catalyst required in a hydrogenation reaction? Is this reaction considered syn addition and why?

In general, which of the following statements correctly describes the reactivity of alkenes? Select one: A. An alkene is an electron-rich molecule and therefore can react as a nucleophile. B. Alkenes are generally unreactive compared alkanes. C. Alkenes react as electrophiles, whereas alkanes react as nucleophiles. D. Unlike alkynes, alkenes fail to undergo electrophilic addition reactions. Which of the following statements on bond-breaking (cleaving) or bond-forming is correct? Select one: A. In homolytic bond breaking, a bond is broken respectively by the movement of a pair of electrons in the same direction to one of the products. B. In heterolytic bond-forming, electrons flow from a nucleophile to an electrophile. C. Electron flow in homolytic bond breaking is shown by a double-headed arrow from the bond to a nucleophile. D. A double-headed arrow indicates the movement of an electron pair during homolytic bond breaking.

In an addition reaction to an alkene, the π bond plays the role of: A.nucleophile B.electrophile C.leaving group D. A and B E. B and C

1. The acid-catalyzed elimination of an alcohol is an equilibrium reaction and requires special reac- tion conditions to favour the formation of the alkene product. What chemical principle controls the amount of alkene product that is produced? Provide two laboratory techniques that can be used to obtain good alkene yields in alcohol elimination reactions.

62. Catenation is a property of the carbon atom which describes its ability to A. bond with other carbon atoms B. form double and triple bonds C. exist in molecules in plant and animal form D. form bonds in its ground state E. share valence electrons with non-polar species 63. The transformation of methane to carbon tetrachloride is an example of A. an electrophilic addition B. a free-radical substitution C. a nucleophilic addition D. an electrophilic substitution E. a unimolecular substitution reaction 64. In the addition of HX (where X is a halogen) to a double bond, the hydrogen atom goes to the carbon that already has more hydrogens. This general observation is given and summarized by A. Hund's rule B. Markovnikov's rule C. Huckel's rule D. Zaitsev's rule E. Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rule 65. Which of the following statements about the carbonyl group of ketones and aldehydes is (are) true? 1. It can attract nucleophiles. II. It can attract electrophiles. III. It tends to undergo addition…

11. Alkenes are common starting organic compounds used to make other useful compounds. a. Start with any alkene. Choose two of the reactions you have learned about that use alkenes as a reactant. You may use any other chemicals you feel necessary. Then, compare and contrast the products made from these reactions.

The light initiated halogenation of alkanes involves the formation and reaction of which of the following intermediates?

5. Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions: + H₂O a. vicinal diol b. geminal diol c. acetal d. ketal e. HO- hemiacetal HO a) Write the complete stepwise mechanism for the reaction shown above. Show all intermediate structures and all electron flow with arrows. OH b) The substance formed on addition of water to an aldehyde or ketone is called a hydrate or a/an:

3. Draw the structure of the following alkenes. Some of these compounds can show isomerism, and some cannot. Indicate which among these can show cis and trans isomers. a. hex-3-ene b. buta-1,3-diene c. 2,3-dimethylpent-2-ene 4. Draw the structure of the following alkenes. Some of these compounds can show isomerism, and some cannot. Indicate which among these can show cis and trans isomers. a. 3-ethylhexa-2,4-diene b. pent-1,3-diene c. 3,7-dichloroocta-2,5-diene

Draw structural formulas for organic products A and B in the window below. -CH₂CI Li pentane Cul B • Draw only products having the organic portion of the original alkyl halide. • Draw carbon-lithium bonds using the single bond tool. If a structure has a copper-lithium bond, do not draw the lithium. Separate products from different steps using the → sign from the drop- down menu.