Kinetic Theory of Gas
The Kinetic Theory of gases is a classical model of gases, according to which gases are composed of molecules/particles that are in random motion. While undergoing this random motion, kinetic energy in molecules can assume random velocity across all directions. It also says that the constituent particles/molecules undergo elastic collision, which means that the total kinetic energy remains constant before and after the collision. The average kinetic energy of the particles also determines the pressure of the gas.
P-V Diagram
A P-V diagram is a very important tool of the branch of physics known as thermodynamics, which is used to analyze the working and hence the efficiency of thermodynamic engines. As the name suggests, it is used to measure the changes in pressure (P) and volume (V) corresponding to the thermodynamic system under study. The P-V diagram is used as an indicator diagram to control the given thermodynamic system.
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Water molecule is a polar molecule having two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in it. Oxygen atom is electronegative and these three form an angle making water polar. Water is a very good solvent, it dissolve polar as well as ionic substances in it. Try to provide heat to the water. One can see it takes sufficient amount of heat to raise its temperature. It means it has high heat capacity. Its heat capacity is higher than other substances. Water helps in regulating temperature in our surroundings that's why. Water also have high heat of vaporization. Human regulate their body temperature by sweating because of this property of water.
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