Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is hot cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS
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Q: In this problem we investigate whether either UDP or TCP provides a degree of end-point…
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- A simple CIDR routing table is shown in Figure 1. For each of the destination IP addresses below, indicate which entry in the table it matches. Indicating none if no routing entry can be matched (hint: given an IP packet, the router will check whether there is a routing entry which can be used to route this packet, by checking the destination IP address in the packet with each routing entry: based on the subnet mask of each routing entry, it can extract the network ID and compare it with each routing entry; if there are a few routing entries which can match, the entry with the longest subnet mask wins). Address Mask Output Port 10.19.0.0/16 1 10.19.128/17 2 10.19.192/18 3 10.19.192/19 4 0.0.0.0/1 5 141.219.2.10 10.10.10.10 10.19.86.141 10.19.193.6 10.19.255.86 10.19.192.18DNS uses UDP instead of TCP. If a DNS packet is lost, there is no automatic recovery. Does this cause a problem, and if so, how is it solvedTrue or False 1. After fast retransmit is invoked, fast recovery cuts the slow start period in half 2. A host sends a segment with a sequence number 35 and a payload of 5 Bytes. The ACK number in that segment is 40 3. TCP segments can only be lost when router queues overflow. Please explain if possible, Thank you!
- A IPV6 global unicast address is composed of a Global Routing prefix = 2001:0540:FACE, Subnet ID = 0020, and an interface id = 0000:0000:0000:0040. Assuming the IPV6 global unicast address follows the "3+1+4" Rule, which of the following is the correct IPV6 global unicast address representation? %3D %3D 2001:540:FACE:20:40/32 2001:540:FACE:20:40/64 2001:540:FACE::40:20/32 2001:540:FACE::40:20/64An IP address can be written as a 32-bit number. For a class B network, the two most significant bits are set to 10. The 16 most significant bits are used as a network ID, and the 16 least significant bits are used as a host ID. However, the host ID cannot be all O's or all 1's. How many hosts (i.e., host IDs) can there be on a class B network? Type your answer.IP datagrams on a specific network can carry a maximum of only 440 bytes in the data portion. A node on this network, running an application using TCP generates a TCP segment with 1,900 bytes in the data portion. How many IP packets are transmitted to carry this TCP segment, and what are their sizes (including the header of 20 bytes)?
- True or false 6. Before sending a data packet into a packet-switching network, the source must determine all of the links that the packet will traverse between source and destination. 7. With non-persistent connections between a web browser and a web server, it is possible for a single TCP segment to carry two distinct HTTP request messages.In this problem we investigate whether either UDP or TCP provides a degree of end-point authentication. a. Consider a server that receives a request within a UDP packet and responds to that request within a UDP packet (for example, as done by a DNS server). If a client with IP address X spoofs its address with address Y, where will the server send its response? b. Suppose a server receives a SYN with IP source address Y, and after responding with a SYNACK, receives an ACK with IP source address Y with the correct acknowledgment number. Assuming the server chooses a random initial sequence number and there is no "man-in-the-middle," can the server be certain that the client is indeed at Y (and not at some other address X that is spoofing Y)?A workstation uses the HTTP protocol to download a large file from a web server. No proxy server is used. One router's queue is full when one of the web server's packets arrives.Select the four best statements to describe this situationa. The router stores the packet until such time that it can be sent.b. Further packets sent by the server are transmitted at a higher rate to compensate for the lost packet.c. The router sends an ICMP link congested message to the server.d. The packet must be retransmitted.e. Router configuration and network behavior could be improved by configuring FQ or WFQ.f. Further packets sent by the server are transmitted at a lower rate to reduce the load on the congested link.g. Router configuration and network behavior could be improved by configuring RED or WRED.h. A tail drop will happen.
- The packets listed below were received by your network's stateful firewall, and they are shown in the following table in random order. The IP addresses of two hosts in your LAN, IP1 and IP2, and two external hosts, IP3 and IP4, are assumed to be IP1 and IP2, respectively. Indicate the number of established sessions and the number of half-formed sessions by evaluating these packets. established sessions. Packet Direction Pa1 Pa2 Pa3 Pa4 Pa5 раб Pa7 Pa8 Pa9 out Out in Out In in out out In Source IP IP1 IP2 IP3 IP2 IP4 IP4 IP2 IP1 IP4 Dest. IP IP3 IP4 IP1 IP4 O None of them IP2 IP2 IP4 IP3 IP2 Source Dest. Port Port 23 X 25 23 25 y y 80 X n y X y 25 25 n 23 80 SYN 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ACK 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 O The number of established sessions=2 & The number of half established sessions = 1 The number of established sessions=0 & The number of half established sessions - 3 O The number of established sessions 2 & The number of half established sessions = 2 O The number of established…We explore whether either UDP or TCP offers any level of end-point authentication in this problem. a. Consider a server that accepts a request via UDP and responds via UDP (for example, as done by a DNS server). Where would the server give its answer if a client with IP address X spoofs it with address Y? b. Assume a server receives a SYN with IP source address Y and responds with SYNACK. The server then receives an ACK with IP source address Y and the right acknowledgmentamount. Assuming the server selects a random initial sequence number and there is no "man-in-the-middle," how can the server be confident that the recipient is really at Y (and not at any other address X that spoofs Y)?Suppose Host A sends two consecutive TCP segments to Host B over a TCP connection. The sequence number of the first segment is 748, and the sequence number of the second one is 995. Determine the size of the payload carried by the first segment. Suppose that the first segment is lost but the second segment arrives at host B. What will be the acknowledgment number of the acknowledgment segment that Host B sends to Host A?