Suppose we randomly sample 8 people in Grade 9 and record their final average. We follow up with the same 8 people one year later, and record their Grade 10 final average. The results are presented. Final Average Grade 9 76 73 66 95 75 78 96 93 Grade 10 75 80 70 93 81 90 88 79 We want to test whether the grades have improved for these 8 people between Grade 9 and Grade 10. What is the observed value of the test statistic corresponding to the appropriate hypothesis test?

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