Suppose there are 10000.0 civilizations broadcasting radio signals in the Milky Way Galaxy at the moment. On average, how many stars would have to be searched before a signal is heard? Assume that there are 9 × 1011 stars in the Galaxy and one civilization per star.

Q: How does the Richter magnitude remains in widespread usage?

A: Earthquakes are a physical phenomenon that results in a violent shaking of the Earth. Earthquakes ar...

Q: What makes air stable or unstable, and how does this influence cloud formation and precipitation?

A: Gravity pulls the air towards the surface, and the decreasing pressure upwards allows the air to ris...

Q: Home work: from test data of infiltration experiment, D= 2.5 cm @ t= 15 minute and D = 8 cm @ t= 100...

A: Depth of infiltration = 2.5 cm Time taken to 2.5 cm = 15 min. Base infiltration rate  = 2.5cm × 4 = ...

Q: Limestone is the source for a very important mineral. What mineral makes up this rock sample?

A: Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed by precipitation. It is the second most prone rock to solubil...

Q: How does the problem of seepage beneath a structure such as a dam, the uplift force acting on the ba...

A: A dam is defined as a barrier that stops excessive water flow. For suppressing floods, reservoirs ar...

Q: How did the Rocky Mountains develop their present configuration in the course of the Neogene Period?

A: The Rocky Mountains are a major mountain range, situated in the North American continent, stretching...

Q: explain how GIS works with diagram?

A: GIS, also known as Geographical Information System, is used for storing, capturing, and displaying v...

Q: plotting the PAR.Plot,the following points on the map below.Use a colored pen to recognize the lines

A: the points are first plotted and the points are connected.

Q: Explain the characteristics of effective sustainability indicators.

A: In terms of the three pillars, the indicator of sustainability can be defined as a measurable elemen...

Q: What are the major specialties within marine science?

A: Marine science is a branch of science that includes the study of water in the ocean, life within it ...

Q: Talk about igneous rocks.

A: There are three different types of rocks that include igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. Rock typ...

Q: How was the geologic timescale put together? How are the numerical ages determined?

A: Geological timescale is essentially the timetable which illustrates the different time periods and e...

Q: What kinds of nonmarine sedimentary deposits reflect arid environmental conditions?

A: Arid environments are characterized by environments where evaporation exceeds precipitation. These e...

Q: It was once postulated that there exists a planet called Vulcan between Mercury and sun, whose prese...

A: The radius of orbit of Vulcan, r=235.79×1010 m=3.86×1010 m G=6.67×10-11N-m2/kg2 Msun=1.99×1030 kg Fr...

Q: Which planktonic primary producers can succeed at the greatest depths?

A: Planktons are aquatic organisms that do not possess the capability of swimming. Primary producers, a...

Q: tim is throwing the ball what is the action verb

A: Action verb: It is the verb that explains physical or mental action. Here the sentence is 'Tim is th...

Q: parallax," astronomers determined e is 0.00001389 degrees. NOT TO SCALE Sun star Earth 6a. How far a...

A: One astronomical unit is defined as the mean distance between the sun and the Earth, which is 150 mi...

Q: What causes the relationship between olivine and pyroxene?

A: According to the studies made by Dr. N.L Bowen, on the crystallization and the reactions which will ...

Q: Earth Science Question

A: Volcanism is a physical phenomenon where the magmatic material from the Earth's mantle comes out ont...

Q: ways on how to mitigate and lessen the effects of soil erosion Own explanation

A: Soil erosion refers to the weathering or removal and the transportation of the topsoil from the Eart...

Q: 1. a-     b-

A: 1) The cooling and crystallization of magma is a complex chemical process where several silicate min...

Q: How does oil enter the marine environment? Which source accounts for the greatest amount of introduc...

A: Petroleum is the organic product formed due to the burial and decay of organisms under temperature a...

Q: Q4] Answer two branch only (10) degrees A-What Erupts from a Volcano? B- What causes volcanoes? C-- ...

A: Since you have asked multiple questions and you have not mentioned which questions to be answered, w...

Q: How does solar heating vary with latitude? With the seasons?

A: The axis of the earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees from the vertical. For making our study ...

Q: In what ways could a massive outpouring of flood basalt affect the existence of species on Earth?

A: Volcanism is a geological event associated with tectonic plate activities. The magma from the mantle...

Q: Which would be a key contribution of seismology to understanding the cause for mountains, volcanoes,...

A: Seismology is the scientific study of genesis of seismic waves and their propagation. This study als...

Q: Match the description with the correct indoor air pollutant naturally occurring radioactive gas [ Ch...

A: Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that damages the atmosphere and affect...

Q: Is the amount of precipitation and evapotranspiration over the continents the same? explain.

A: Precipitation is the primary input to hydrology. Factors determining precipitation or atmospheric mo...

Q: 12. What are the best ways to distinguish between quartz and plagioclase in an igneous rock? Amphibo...

A: Igneous rocks comprise various minerals. These minerals can be identified in hand specimens. But the...

Q: Thinking Critically How does the seasonal freezing and thawing of the polar ocean areas influence gl...

A: Just as the year-round warmth defines the tropics, so the polar realm is known for its enduring cold...

Q: Wher is the Atlantic Oshean

A: The ocean is a vast area of saltwater. The world's oceanic water masses occupy about 97% of the hydr...

Q: Provide reasons for the Aral Sea’s disappearance, and outline the economic and environmental consequ...

A: The Aral Sea was the fourth-largest sea in the world before the 1960s, situated between Kazakhstan i...

Q: Traditional methods of studying currents are being replaced with high-tech devices. How do some of t...

A: In the ocean, two types of currents occur- surface currents and deep oceanic currents. Surface curre...

Q: Approximately how many asteroids that are 1.05 km in radius would it take to make a planet which has...

A: Given, Radius of asteroid= Ra= 1.05 km Therefore, Volume of asteroid= Va=43πRa3     =43π×1.053⇒Va=4....

Q: Explain how restoration can benefit society as well as nature.

A: Environmental restoration is the process by which biologically degraded environment and natural reso...

Q: (DONE) I just wanted to know if I labeled it all correctly?.   I have tried it but not sure if corre...

A: The Earth's interior is not homogeneous but is divided into many layers with respect to physical and...

Q: What conditions favor the preservation of soft parts as fossils within sediment.

A: The actual remain or indirect evidence of a prehistoric life preserved within a rock under natural c...

Q: Which statements are accurate generalizations about volcanic eruptions? Select all that apply. The t...

A: Volcanoes are geological features, where hot, molten magma, from the interior of the Earth, erupts o...

Q: Which best describes earth’s mantle

A: The study of the passage of seismic waves through the earth has helped in knowing the structure of t...

Q: Q4

A: When a rock is transported, during the course of it's journey, it gets abraded and will become round...

Q: Why are some winds strong and weak?

A: The air, which moves due to pressure difference is called wind. Thus the driving force of wind is pr...

Q: Draw a well labelled diagram of the experimental set-up (apparatus) that would be used to determine ...

A: The molar mass of a substance is one of the properties which characterizes the substance. If the sub...

Q: What is the saturation content of 1 kilogram of air at the following temperatures? (All temperatures...

A: The ratio of the mass of water vapor required for saturation to the mass of dry air in a parcel of a...

Q: Thermohaline circulation is mainly due to: A) cold, dense ocean water sinking and warmer water repla...

A: The word thermohaline is made from two words thermo means temperature, and haline means salt content...

Q: Imagine you are in a spaceship exploring an alien solar system. You come across a very large rocky o...

A: Planet is defined as any body in the space that has its own gravitational force, and orbits around t...

Q: Following the urban heat island profile from rural areas to a typical downtown urban area, which of ...

A: The given temperature profile includes places like rural, suburban residential, commercial, downtown...

Q: Are humans subject to environmental resistance in the same sense that other organisms are? How would...

A: Environmental resistance is the environmental factors like drought, lack of natural resources, or sp...

Q: Which of the following most completely defines a volcano? a cone-shaped structure on land where pyro...

A: Volcanoes are types of geologic structures. 

Q: How does the specific heat of a substance influence its rate of warming?

A: Specific heat capacity is an intrinsic property of a substance. Specific heat capacity of a substanc...

Q: 2. A landslide is an example of A) river deposition B) glacial scouring C) mass movement D) chemical...

A: Since multiple questions have been asked, we will solve the first question. If you want any specific...