Suppose the labour market is initially in equilibrium. Now consider that the government raises income tax rates. Answer the following in the context of the wage-setting-pricing model: (a) What happens to unemployment in the short run? Explain and illustrate on a diagram of the wage-setting-pricing model.
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- Suppose that a 5 increase in the minimum wag causes a 5 reduction in employment. How would this affect employment and how would it affect workers? In your opinion, would this be a good policy?The college graduates of 2000 could hardly have asked for better luck. The unemployment ratedropped to 4.1 % in May 2000- roughly, the lowest level in a generation- and employers wereliterally scrambling for new hires. Starting salaries rose, many graduating seniors had numerousjob offers, and some firms even offered $10,000- $20,000 bonuses to students who signed thedotted line. Three years later, the job market for the Class of 2003 was rather different. U.S. economic growth had slowed to a crawl, and then to a halt. Companies that had stocked up on recent college grads in the tighter labour markets of 1998-2000 found themselves with more than they knew what to do with in 2002 and 2003. They were not eager to hire more. Bonuses and other “perks” disappeared; job offers became scarcer. With the unemployment rate around 6% in May and June of 2003, the job market was far from the worst ever. But it was nothing like the glory days of 2000. Discussion:(i) Briefly explain and justify…E1 3. [Employment and Unemployment] Suppose a country has a working-age population of 500people. The demand and supply functions of its labor market are:w=300-0.5L w=60+0.1Lwhere w is the wage, L is the quantity of labor. The labor market has search friction so thatthose that are looking for a job may not immediately find one even when there are openings.Specifically, Assume the number of job matches (i.e. employment) is given by: 0.8L(a) Find the equilibrium wage and the actual number of employed people. Calculate thelabor force participation rate and unemployment rate. (b) The COVID-19 pandemic lowers the labor demand, and the new labor demand becomesw=240-0.5L. Assume that the wage can adjust quickly, find the equilibrium wage and theactual number of employed people during the pandemic. (c) Briefly explain in words, and with a specific example of each, the difference betweenstructural and frictional unemployment.
- On January 1st 2019, South Africans first-ever national minimum wage came into effect.the legislation stipulated a minimum wage rate of R20 per hour or R3500 per month depending on the number of hours worked. However some economists warned that it may depress S. A's already high unemployment rate further by making it more expensive to hire workers. 1.Using your knowledge of basic economic theory, illustrate and explain with the aid of a graph, why some economists might have given such a warning? 2.what are common arguments offered for and against the minimum wages? 3. Have they been correct so far in the prediction that a national wage will depress S. A's already high unemployment rate? Explainc. Suppose that the markup of the prices of products over wage cost, z, is 10%, and that the wage-setting equation is W = P(1– 2m + z). Where m is the unemployment rate and z is the unemployment benefit/minimum wage. i. What is the real wage, as determined by the price-setting equation? ii. Solve for the natural rate of unemploymentExplain how equilibrium wages and employment change in the economy when there is an increase in thenumber of working-age immigrants. Be clear on the short-run and long-run response.b) Suppose that some of the immigrants set up businesses rather than become employees. Explain howyou expect this to affect the wage-setting curve, the price-setting curve and the labour market equilibrium.c) Answerbriey, do the results you have obtained in (a) and (b) suggest that immigration is good for theeconomy?
- 3. Use the wage curve and the profit curve to show the equilibrium in a model of the labour market. Explain briefly why this equilibrium implies involuntary unemployment.Question 2 Using a diagram like Figure 9.8 below: soprolit curves Wage Demand curve (given economy wide demand) Units of output, q (and hours of labour, n) explain in your own words why prices would fall and employment would increase if the economy were at point C in Figure 9.10 below: Labour supply explain in your owrn WOlus W increase if the economy were at point C in Figure 9.10 below: Labour supply At A real wage too high and markup too low, firms raise price; and given demand, output falls Average product of labour, A W/P-w Price-setting curve C. At C real wage too low and markup too high: firms lower price; and given demand, output rises Employment, N (whole economy) Average product of labour, A; Real wage, W/P Price, p (5)Suppose that a consumer cannot vary hours of work as he or she chooses. In particular, he or she must choose between working g hours and not working at all, whereg> 0. Suppose that dividend income is zero, and that the consumer pays a tax Tif he or she works, and receives a benefit b when not working, interpreted as an unemployment insurance payment. a Click the icon to view information about the initial model used here. Consumption, C W29-T w,q-T Leisure, I h-g BE a. If the wage rate increases, how does this affect the consumer's hours of work? What does this have to say about what we would observe about the behaviour of actual consumers when wages change? After the wage rate increases, an individual consumer who originally did not work at all V After the wage rate increases, an individual consumer who originally worked q hours V This suggests that if an economy includes many consumers with many different sets preferences (all satisfying the assumptions of the initial model) and the…
- Please no written by hand solutions Suppose that the markup of goods prices over marginal cost is 5%, and that the wage-setting equation is W= P(1-u), where u is the unemployment rate. a. What is the real wage, as determined by the price-setting equation? b. What is the natural rate of unemployment? c. Suppose that the markup of prices over costs increases to 10%. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment? Explain the intuition behind your answer.A6 Show that the real wage implied by price-setting behaviour is a constant fraction of the marginal product of labour. How does this share vary with the intensity of product market competition? Explain intuitively.1) Assume that the real wage in an economy is held above equilibrium. a. Graphically illustrate how an increase in demand for labor will change the number of unemployed workers. Be sure to label the axes and the quantities of labor hired before and after the increase in demand. b. Explain in words what happens to the number of unemployed as a result of this change. 2) In an economy, if 5 percent of the employed lose their job every month (s = 0.05) while 15 percent of the unemployed find a job every month (f = 0.15), what is the steady rate (equilibrium rate) of unemployment of the economy?