Suppose the economy is initially in its long-run equilibrium. Due to the biased (overestimated) expectation of return, the entrepreneurs overwhelmingly become much more aggressive in investment holding other things equal. a. Use the IS-LM model and AD-AS model to graphically illustrate the impact of the biased expectation in the short run and in the long run. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices? b. If the central bank wants to offset the impact of the biased expectation, what is the appropriate measure? Draw a graph as in part a. for illustration. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices in this case?

Suppose the economy is initially in its long-run equilibrium. Due to the biased (overestimated) expectation of return, the entrepreneurs overwhelmingly become much more aggressive in investment holding other things equal. a. Use the IS-LM model and AD-AS model to graphically illustrate the impact of the biased expectation in the short run and in the long run. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices? b. If the central bank wants to offset the impact of the biased expectation, what is the appropriate measure? Draw a graph as in part a. for illustration. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices in this case?

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter24: The Aggregate Demand/aggregate Supply Model

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 52CTQ: If foreign wealth-holders decide that the United States is the safest place to invest their savings,...

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Use the IS-LM model to answer this question. Suppose there is a simultaneous increase in taxes and reduction in the money supply. Explain what effect this particular policy mix will have on output and the interest rate. Based on your analysis, do we know with certainty what effect this policy mix will have on investment? Explain.
Consider an IS-LM model. Suppose the central bank increases the money supply by 5 percent. But the price level also increases increase by 10 percent. A) What will be the change in LM curve? What will be the change in equilibrium interest rate and output? Explain properly using a graph? B) What will be the change in the AD curve? (Hint: first derive the AD curve from IS-LM modeland then consider whether AD will shift to the left or right given the change in LM curve) Given that the SRAS curve is horizontal, what will be the impact of change in AD on price level?
Suppose the economy begins with output equal to its natural level. Then there is an increase in consumer confidence and households attempt to consume more for a given level of disposable income. a. Using the AS-AD and IS-LM models, show the effects of an increase in consumer confidence on the position of the AD, AS, IS, and LM curves in the short run and in the medium run. Precisely label all axes and curves to receive full credit. Label the short-run equilibrium and medium-run equilibrium with SR and MR, respectively. b. Explain the transition process from the short-run equilibrium to the medium-run equilibrium. In particular, discuss what makes the equilibrium changes over time. c. ] Can private saving increase in the short run when there is an increase in consumer confidence? Discuss about the necessary condition for the higher private saving in the short run.
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Economics Suppose that the effects of COVID-19 on the economy can be thought of as a permanent negative productivity shock, i.e., a permanent decrease of the production owing to lower total factor productivity. What does the model predict will happen to the following variables: (1) real interest rate, (2) real output), (3) real consumption, (4) real investment, (5) labor input? For each variable explain why COVID-19 would have the predicted effect.
Explain in words how investment multiplier and the interest sensitivity of aggregate demand affect the slope of the IS curve. Furthermore, Explain in words how and why the income and interest sensitivities of the demand for real balances affect the slope of the LM curve. According to the IS–LM model, what happens to the interest rate, income, consumption, and investment under the following circumstances?a. The central bank increases the money supply.b. The government increases government purchases.c. The government increases taxes.
Question 5. Suppose that in Country B, financial institutions use new technology to prevent credit card fraud. Assume that this action reduces the risk of using credit cards and makes consumers less likely to use cash for consumption. At the same time, the government in the country cuts spending to reduce budget deficits. Use the IS- LM model to predict the short-run impact on the interest rate and output. Illustrate your answer graphically. Be sure to label: į, the axes, ii. the curves iii. the initial equilibrium, iv. the direction the curves shift. Explain your answer in words.
Which of the following is a statement that you would AGREE with? Explain why. Use the AD-AS model. Assume the ceteris paribus assumption holds in all cases and that the economy is initially in short run macroeconomic equilibrium. 1. We observe a decrease in the price level and a decrease in real GDP. A possible explanation is an increase in expected future income or decrease in interest rates. 2. We observe a decrease in the price level and a decrease in real GDP. A possible explanation is an expansionary monetary policy or an increase in government spending. 3. We observe an increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP. A possible explanation an increase in expected future profit or an expansionary fiscal policy.
Consider the classical AS-AD model with misperceptions. Assume that the economy is initially at its general equilibrium. Now, suppose the central bank considers an increase in the nominal money supply that is not anticipated by households or firms. a. How does the misperception theory work? b. Which of the three markets is first affected (labor, goods, or asset market)? Explain and show graphically how this market is affected by an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply. c. Use the classical version of the AS-AD model with misperceptions to explain and to show graphically how an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply affects the short-run equilibrium. d. Use the classical version of the AS-AD model with misperceptions to explain and to show graphically how an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply affects the long-run (general) equilibrium.
Suppose the economy begins with output equal to its natural level. Then, there is a reduction in income taxes.a. Using the AS–AD model, show the effects of a reduction in income taxes on the position of the AD, AS, IS and LM curves in the short and long run.b. What happens to output, the interest rate, and the price level in the long run? What happens to consumption and investment in the short and long run?
The graph below depicts an increase in aggregate demand due to an increase in net exports. This increase in aggregate demand is depicted as a shift from AD to AD₁. Price Level LRAS X AD Real GDP AS AD Tools AS, 0 a. In the long run, aggregate supply will adjust to move the economy back to the full-employment level of output. Show this shift using the graph above. Instructions: Use the tool provided "AS₁" to show the movement back to full-employment output. Plot only the endpoints of the line, keeping AS, parallel to AS with the appropriate Intersection (2 points total). b. How does the new long-run equilibrium compare to the Initial full-employment level before the Increase in net exports? O The price level is higher, but output is lower. O The price level is lower, but output remains the same. O The price level is lower, but output is higher. O The price level is higher, but output remains the same.
Moore's law states that every 18 months, the computing speed of a microchip doubles. a. What effect does this likely have on the economy? • The price level falls and output rises. The price level falls and output falls. The price level rises and output rises. The price level rises and output falls. b. Demonstrate your answer graphically using the AS/AD model. Instructions: Use the tool provided 'SAS₁' to draw the new short-run aggregate supply curve. Then click and drag the LAS to its new position. Price level LAS SASO Real output reset AD SAS,