Suppose that the probability of a successful optical alignment
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- The probability of a successful optical alignment in the assembly of an optical data storage product is 0.8. Assume the trials are independent. What is the probability that the first successful alignment requires at least four trials?The principle of redundancy is used when system reliability is improved through redundant or backup components. Assume that a student's alarm clock has a 19.1% daily failure rate. If the student has two such alarm clocks, what is the probability that they both fail on the morning of an important final exam?The proportion of people in a given community who have Covid-19 infection is 0.005. A test is available to diagnose the disease. If a person has Covid-19, the probability that the test will produce a positive signal is 0.009 . If a person does not have the Covid-19, the probability that the test will produce a positive signal is 0.01. What is the probability that the test will generate positive signal? Which model/rule will best be good for solving the above problem and why? Comment on the types of events you see in the problem and name them.
- A component of a spacecraft has both a main system and a backup system operating throughout a flight. The probability that both systems fail sometime during the flight is 0.0148. Assuming that both systems, considered separately, have the same failure rate, what is the probability that the main system fails during the flight?A student will take two trainee selection exams for companies A and B, respectively. He estimates the probability that he will pass the exam.Company A's selection rate is 2/3. In company B, the probability of approval is 3/4. Finally, the probability of being approved in both processes simultaneously is of 50%. Under these conditions, what is the probability of passing only one of the companies?The drivers are given a choice about how to cross a river in a town. The choices are either to use the bridge or the tunel. Both of the two options have the same length and take the same time.Let's suppose that when it is raining 4 out of 5 drivers prefer to use the tunnel. In that case, what is the probability to observe 14 out of 60 drivers using the bridge?
- From observations of the weather, it is known that on October 20 the probability of rain is 0.85. A certain forecast method for October 20 is correct 0.9 times if rain is predicted and 0.75 times if no rain is predicted. How much information does a real weather forecast provide 20 th of October?From observations of the weather, it is known that on October 20 the probability of rain is 0.25. A certain forecast method for October 20 is correct 0.9 times if rain is predicted and 0.75 times if no rain is predicted. How much information does a real weather forecast provide 20 th of October?Do question 2
- 2) A data packet consists of 10,000 bits, where each bit is a 0 or a 1 with equal probability. Estimate the probability of having at least 5200 ones in terms of the Q-function. Show your work.Benford's Law claims that numbers chosen from very large data files tend to have "1" as the first nonzero digit disproportionately often. In fact, research has shown that if you randomly draw a number from a very large data file, the probability of getting a number with "1" as the leading digit is about 0.301. Suppose you are an auditor for a very large corporation. The revenue report involves millions of numbers in a large computer file. Let us say you took a random sample of n = 250 numerical entries from the file and r = 60 of the entries had a first nonzero digit of 1. Let p represent the population proportion of all numbers in the corporate file that have a first nonzero digit of 1. Test the claim that p is less than 0.301 by using α = 0.01. What does the area of the sampling distribution corresponding to your P-value look like? a. The area in the right tail of the standard normal curve. b. The area not including the right tail of the standard normal curve.…A university computer laboratory installs one of three operating systems on each computer used in the lab. It is known from product testing that during an hour of web browsing the probability a computer with system 1 installed will crash is 0.15, the probability of a computer with operating system 2 crashing is 0.08 and the probability of a computer with system 3 crashing is 0.1. Operating systems 1 and 3 are installed on the same number of computers while system 2 is installed on twice as many computers as system 1 (or system 3).a) What is the probability that a randomly selected computer crashes during an hour of web browsing?b) If a computer selected at random crashed during an hour of browsing the web, what is the probability it has operating system 2 installed?c) If a computer selected at random does not crash during an hour of web browsing what is the probability it has operating system 1 or operating system 2 installed?