Suppose an economy has four sectors, Agriculture (A), En- ergy (E), Manufacturing (M), and Transportation (T). Sector A sells 10% of its output to E and 25% to M and retains the rest. Sector E sells 30% of its output to A, 35% to M, and 25% to T and retains the rest. Sector M sells 30% of its output to A, 15% to E, and 40% to T and retains the rest. Sector T sells 20% of its output to A, 10% to E, and 30% to M and retains the rest. a. Construct the exchange table for this economy. b. [M] Find a set of equilibrium prices for the economy.
Suppose an economy has four sectors, Agriculture (A), En- ergy (E), Manufacturing (M), and Transportation (T). Sector A sells 10% of its output to E and 25% to M and retains the rest. Sector E sells 30% of its output to A, 35% to M, and 25% to T and retains the rest. Sector M sells 30% of its output to A, 15% to E, and 40% to T and retains the rest. Sector T sells 20% of its output to A, 10% to E, and 30% to M and retains the rest. a. Construct the exchange table for this economy. b. [M] Find a set of equilibrium prices for the economy.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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Transcribed Image Text:**Economic Sectors and Inter-Sectoral Exchanges**
In this problem, we consider an economy that comprises four distinct sectors: Agriculture (A), Energy (E), Manufacturing (M), and Transportation (T). Here's a detailed look into how each sector allocates its output to the other sectors:
- **Sector A (Agriculture):**
- Sells 10% of its output to Sector E (Energy).
- Sells 25% of its output to Sector M (Manufacturing).
- Retains the remaining 65% of its output.
- **Sector E (Energy):**
- Sells 30% of its output to Sector A (Agriculture).
- Sells 35% of its output to Sector M (Manufacturing).
- Sells 25% of its output to Sector T (Transportation).
- Retains the remaining 10% of its output.
- **Sector M (Manufacturing):**
- Sells 30% of its output to Sector A (Agriculture).
- Sells 15% of its output to Sector E (Energy).
- Sells 40% of its output to Sector T (Transportation).
- Retains the remaining 15% of its output.
- **Sector T (Transportation):**
- Sells 20% of its output to Sector A (Agriculture).
- Sells 10% of its output to Sector E (Energy).
- Sells 30% of its output to Sector M (Manufacturing).
- Retains the remaining 40% of its output.
**Tasks:**
1. **Construct the Exchange Table:**
- You are asked to construct an exchange table that summarizes the percentage of output each sector sells to every other sector.
2. **Find Equilibrium Prices:**
- Find a set of equilibrium prices for the economy based on the given inter-sectoral trade percentages.
This structured economy model helps in understanding the flow of resources and outputs between different sectors, enabling the analysis of interdependencies and economic equilibrium.

Transcribed Image Text:### Economic Analysis: Three-Sector Model
#### Problem Overview
Consider an economy with three sectors: Chemicals & Metals, Fuels & Power, and Machinery. The inter-sector trading relationships are as follows:
1. **Chemicals**:
- Sells 30% of its output to Fuels
- Sells 50% of its output to Machinery
- Retains the remaining 20%
2. **Fuels**:
- Sells 80% of its output to Chemicals
- Sells 10% of its output to Machinery
- Retains the remaining 10%
3. **Machinery**:
- Sells 40% of its output to Chemicals
- Sells 40% of its output to Fuels
- Retains the remaining 20%
The tasks are:
a. **Construct the Exchange Table**: This involves creating a matrix that shows the proportional outputs traded among the sectors and retained by each sector.
b. **Develop a System of Equations and Augmented Matrix**:
- Formulate equations ensuring that each sector's total income matches its total expenses.
- Convert these equations into an augmented matrix suitable for row-reduction.
c. **Determine Equilibrium Prices**:
- Calculate the equilibrium prices assuming that the price for the Machinery output is set to 100 units.
#### Detailed Analysis
##### a. Construct the Exchange Table
The exchange table shows the proportion of output each sector sells to other sectors and retains.
| Sector | Chemicals | Fuels | Machinery | Retained |
|------------|-----------|-------|-----------|----------|
| Chemicals | 0% | 30% | 50% | 20% |
| Fuels | 80% | 0% | 10% | 10% |
| Machinery | 40% | 40% | 0% | 20% |
##### b. System of Equations and Augmented Matrix
To ensure that each sector’s income matches its expenses, the equations can be set up as follows:
Let \( P_C \), \( P_F \), and \( P_M \) be the prices for outputs from Chemicals, Fuels, and Machinery, respectively.
For Chemicals:
\[ P_C = 0.3P_F + 0.5P_M + 0.2P_C \
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