Suppose a researcher is carrying out studies in which she adds a nonphysi- ological electron donor to a suspension of chloroplasts. Illumination of the chloroplasts yields oxidation of the donor. How could she tell whether photosystem I, II, or both are involved?
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- In what part of chloroplasts do the coupled redox reactions occur? stroma membrane thylakoid membrane intermembrane space thylakoid lumen stromaThe chloroplast is surrounded by two membranes where the inner membrane forms interconnected membrane sacs called thylakoids where the light dependent reactions take place. Select one: True FalseIdentify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loop
- Below is a cutaway drawing of a chloroplast. Please answer the following questions by choosing from the Word Bank. Grana CO2 fixation the Outer Membrane Photophosphorylation The arrow at "A" is pointing at the the bracket at "D" is Thylakoids Calvin Cycle function performed in the "B" area is occurs at arrow or at arrow The structure that receives input from "F" is F Stroma The arrow at "C" is pointing at the 3 Dark Reaction Light Reaction Inner membrane CK The arrow at "B" is pointing at The function performed at “C” and at "D" is [ The arrow at "E" is pointing at the The structure indicated by The ATP is synthesized at arrow The dark reactionDuring photosynthesis, the synthesis of ATP is driven by the flow of H+ from the thylakoid lumen into the stroma via the enzyme ATP synthase. This synthesis of ATP in chloroplast achieved by a chemiosmotic mechanism is specifically called __________.Condition: A transmembrane (or integral membrane) protein that acts as a H+ channel has been added to the thylakoid membrane. What impact will thishave to photosynthesis? Explain why. (Specific values are not required, just an indication of overall effect and reasons why.)
- Bacterium Y is photosynthetic. You want to decrease the ability of Bacterium Y to produce glucose through photosynthesis. Explain how you could manipulate the light reactions of photosynthesis to decrease glucose production during the dark reactions in Bacterium Y. Include the name of the pathway that makes glucose during the dark reactions, which/how molecules from the light reactions are used in this pathway, and what specific steps of this pathway would be affected by your manipulations.Why is an isotonic buffered extraction medium used to isolate the chloroplasts? 1.To gently lyse the chloroplasts, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 2.To maintain a constant acidic pH and favourable hyper-osmotic conditions, to ensure that the chloroplasts remained intact and functional during extraction 3.To gently separate the chloroplasts from each other, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 4.To maintain a constant physiological pH and favourable iso-osmotic conditions, to ensure that the chloroplasts remained intact and functional during extraction.Compare the light-dependent reaction with the light-independent reaction. Type of Reaction Description Location in Chloroplast Light-dependent Light-independent
- Diagram 4: The Light Reactions of Photosymtnes STROMA dow soncentrations Photoeystem PhotoeytmE oomple Light Ligt THYLAKOID SPACE Ohigh concentration) Thylakold membrane ATP wynthase STROMA low H concentration) ADP en from a chloroplast inside of a le the light dependent cyde that take place along the thylakoid membrane a Diagram 4 shows a single thylakoid membrane In photosystem I and II, an electron will O be transferred to ATP be transferred to NADPH lose energy gain energyDraw a simple sketch illustrating a thylakoid membrane that is actively involved in chemiosmosis and label the two compartments it separates. Add the ATP synthase complex, indicate the proton gradient, and specify inwhich compartment ATP is synthesized.Diagram 7: Rate of Photosynthesis with increasing light intensity 200 Pmax 150 100 - 50 -50 - -100 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Light Intensity (arbitrary units) Glossary: 1. Pmax: The maximum pressure of oxygen gas. 2. Arbitrary units: The use of this term mean the graph is not using specific units as lc intensity could be measured in lumens and oxygen production could have been me mm of Hg Identify the light intensity in which oxygen production first begins to reach its maximum value. 200 units 100 units 700 units 500 units Oxygen Production (syun Kegque)