Suppose a magazine ranks the best paying college degrees in a country. The following data show the median starting salary, the mid-career salary, and the percentage increase from starting salary to mid-career salary for the 20 college degrees with the highest mid-career salary. Degree Starting Salary Mid-Career Salary % Increase College Degree A 59,400 105,000 77 College Degree B 56,400 101,000 79 College Degree C 54,800 101,000 84 College Degree D 64,800 105,000 62 College Degree E 53,500 93,400 75 College Degree F 61,200 87,700 43 College Degree G 56,200 97,700 74 College Degree H 50,400 87,000 73 College Degree I 48,800 97,800 100 College Degree J 60,800 106,000 74 College Degree K 47,500 91,500 93 College Degree L 41,500 88,300 113 College Degree M 49,300 87,100 77 College Degree N 50,900 90,300 77 College Degree O 46,400 88,300 90 College Degree P 63,900 106,000 66 College Degree Q 93,000 155,000 67 College Degree R 50,700 99,600 96 College Degree S 56,700 91,300 61 College Degree T 50,000 93,400 87 (a) Using a class width of 10, construct a histogram for the percentage increase in the starting salary. A histogram with 8 class labels along the horizontal axis is given. The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase. The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency. Centered over the leftmost label, 40-49.9, a bar is drawn 1 unit tall. Moving to the right, information about the remaining bars (beginning with class label) is listed. 50-59.9: 1 unit tall 60-69.9: 3 units tall 70-79.9: 2 units tall 80-89.9: 8 units tall 90-99.9: 4 units tall 100-109.9: no bar 110-119.9: 1 unit tall A histogram with 8 class labels along the horizontal axis is given. The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase. The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency. Centered over the leftmost label, 40-49.9, a bar is drawn 8 units tall. Moving to the right, information about the remaining bars (beginning with class label) is listed. 50-59.9: 4 units tall 60-69.9: no bar 70-79.9: 1 unit tall 80-89.9: 1 unit tall 90-99.9: 1 unit tall 100-109.9: 3 units tall 110-119.9: 2 units tall A histogram with 8 class labels along the horizontal axis is given. The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase. The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency. Centered over the leftmost label, 40-49.9, a bar is drawn 1 unit tall. Moving to the right, information about the remaining bars (beginning with class label) is listed. 50-59.9: no bar 60-69.9: 4 units tall 70-79.9: 8 units tall 80-89.9: 2 units tall 90-99.9: 3 units tall 100-109.9: 1 unit tall 110-119.9: 1 unit tall A histogram with 8 class labels along the horizontal axis is given. The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase. The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency. There is no bar centered over the leftmost label, 40-49.9. Moving to the right, information about the remaining bars (beginning with class label) is listed. 50-59.9: 1 unit tall 60-69.9: 4 units tall 70-79.9: 2 units tall 80-89.9: 8 units tall 90-99.9: 3 units tall 100-109.9: 1 unit tall 110-119.9: 1 unit tall (b) Comment on the shape of the distribution. The histogram is ---Select--- skewed to the left skewed to the right symmetric . (c) Develop a stem-and-leaf display for the percentage increase in the starting salary. (Enter numbers from smallest to largest separated by spaces. Enter NONE for stems with no values.) Leaf Unit = 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 (d) What are the primary advantages of the stem-and-leaf display as compared to the histogram? (Select all that apply.) stem-and-leaf display shows the actual datastem and leaf display provides exactly the same information as a histogramstem-and-leaf display is hard to readthe stem-and-leaf display is easier to construct by hand stem and leaf display provides less information than a histogram
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
Degree | Starting Salary | Mid-Career Salary | % Increase |
---|---|---|---|
College Degree A | 59,400 | 105,000 | 77 |
College Degree B | 56,400 | 101,000 | 79 |
College Degree C | 54,800 | 101,000 | 84 |
College Degree D | 64,800 | 105,000 | 62 |
College Degree E | 53,500 | 93,400 | 75 |
College Degree F | 61,200 | 87,700 | 43 |
College Degree G | 56,200 | 97,700 | 74 |
College Degree H | 50,400 | 87,000 | 73 |
College Degree I | 48,800 | 97,800 | 100 |
College Degree J | 60,800 | 106,000 | 74 |
College Degree K | 47,500 | 91,500 | 93 |
College Degree L | 41,500 | 88,300 | 113 |
College Degree M | 49,300 | 87,100 | 77 |
College Degree N | 50,900 | 90,300 | 77 |
College Degree O | 46,400 | 88,300 | 90 |
College Degree P | 63,900 | 106,000 | 66 |
College Degree Q | 93,000 | 155,000 | 67 |
College Degree R | 50,700 | 99,600 | 96 |
College Degree S | 56,700 | 91,300 | 61 |
College Degree T | 50,000 | 93,400 | 87 |
- The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase.
- The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency.
- 50-59.9: 1 unit tall
- 60-69.9: 3 units tall
- 70-79.9: 2 units tall
- 80-89.9: 8 units tall
- 90-99.9: 4 units tall
- 100-109.9: no bar
- 110-119.9: 1 unit tall
- The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase.
- The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency.
- 50-59.9: 4 units tall
- 60-69.9: no bar
- 70-79.9: 1 unit tall
- 80-89.9: 1 unit tall
- 90-99.9: 1 unit tall
- 100-109.9: 3 units tall
- 110-119.9: 2 units tall
- The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase.
- The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency.
- 50-59.9: no bar
- 60-69.9: 4 units tall
- 70-79.9: 8 units tall
- 80-89.9: 2 units tall
- 90-99.9: 3 units tall
- 100-109.9: 1 unit tall
- 110-119.9: 1 unit tall
- The horizontal axis is labeled: % Increase.
- The vertical axis is labeled: Frequency.
- 50-59.9: 1 unit tall
- 60-69.9: 4 units tall
- 70-79.9: 2 units tall
- 80-89.9: 8 units tall
- 90-99.9: 3 units tall
- 100-109.9: 1 unit tall
- 110-119.9: 1 unit tall
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