Suppose a consumer has utility function u(r1, r2) = + x. (a) Compute the Marginal Rate of Substitution. (b) Find the optimal bundle z(p, w) and the indirect utility function v(p, w). (c) Find the Hicksian demand bundle h(p, u) and the expenditure function e(p, u). (d) Suppose w = 24 and that prices change from p (4,2) to p (3,3). Compute (i) the substitution and income effects for this price change, and (ii) the Hicksian substitution and income effects for this price change.
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- 1/2 1/2 2. Cynthia has preferences represented by the utility function u(x) = x¹/² + x¹/² (a) Calculate Cynthia's marginal rate of substitution. (b) Calculate Cynthia's Marshallian Demand functions x(p, 1) and x(p,1). (c) Does Cynthia consider either of these goods to be Inferior Goods? (d) Show that Cynthia's demands generate an indirect utility function V(p,1)=√√IP₁P2 (e) Solve for Cynthia's expenditure function.1. Consider the utility function given by u (x1, x2) = x1x3, and budget constraint given by P1x1 + P2x2 = w. (a) Solve the EMP to find the Hicksian demand function, h (p, u). (b) Find the expenditure function e (p, u). (c) Recover h (p, u) from e (p, u). (d) Noting that the indirect utility function corresponding to the UMP for this form is 4w3 v (P1, P2, w): 27p1p3' demonstrate that v (.) and e (.) are inverses of each other. (e) Using only the indirect utility function above, recover the optimal consumption bundle of the UMP (i.e., Walrasian demand function). (f) Using your answer to (e), identify the substitution effect on the quantity demanded of good 1 of a change in the price of good 1. 1; and consider the Hicksian demand curve for good 1 corresponding to , and Walrasian demand curve for good 1 corresponding to w = 1. At what price and quantity for good 1 do they intersect? Which is steeper at this point of intersection? (g) Assume P2 What does that signify? (h) Using your…A consumer has utility (see image) on ice creams (x) and cakes (y). (a) Are the indifference curves bowed towards the origin? (b) Derive his demand function (as a function of prices px, py and budget I) for ice cream (x). (c)(Looking at the demand function you found in (b), Is ice cream a normal good? Are ice cream and cakes substitutes or complements? Calculate the income elasticity of market demand at the point px = 2, py = 1 and I = 12.
- A consumer with I dollars budget has the utility u(x,y) = x(y+1) over amounts of cake (x) and ice cream (y) she consumes. The prices are px , py respectively. (a) Derive her demand for cake (x), as a function of prices px , py and her budget I. (b) Looking at the demand function in (a), is cake a normal good or an inferior good? Are cake and ice cream complements or substitutes? (c) Calculate the (i) (own) price, (ii) income, (iii) cross- price elasticity of demand for cake at the point where I = 80, px =10, py = 20.If the utility function of an individual takes the form: U = U ( x 1, x2) = (x1 + 2) 2 (x2 + 3) 3 Where U is total utility, and x1 and x2 are the quantities of two commoditiies consumed: (a) Find the marginal-utility function of each of the two commodities (b) Find the value of the marginal utility of the first commodity when 3 units of each commodity are consumed.(2) Consider the utility function u(x, y) = Vx+ay. Your budget constraint is P1x+p2y = М. (a) Find the marginal utilities for these goods. (b) Show that these preferences are quasilinicar. (c) Solve the consumer's optimization problem.
- Individual that consumes two goods (X and Y) and has a CES Utility Function of the form: U = 100(X^(0.75) + Y^(0.75)). Income of 1000, the price of Good X is 10 and the Price of Good Y is 20 a) Find the Marginal Rate of Substitution as a function of the quantities consumed of Good X and Good Y. b) Write out the Lagrangian for this problem. c) Solve to find the demand for Good X, the demand for Good Y, and the highest level of utility for this individual. d) Now consider an increase in the price of Good X to 20. What is the demand for Good X and Good Y? What is the Utility of the consumer following the price change? e) Considering the change in demand for each good between parts c) and d), how much is due to the substitution effect and how much is due to the income effect? f) Show your answers on a graph.An individual’s utility function is given byU = x1√x2where x1 and x2 denote the monthly consumption of two goods. Unit prices of these goodsare $2 and $4 respectively, and the total monthly expenditure on these goods is $300.(a) Write down the budgetary constraint.(b) Find the optimal quantities of x1 and x2 the maximize U.(c) Verify that the stationary point is a maximum.Moe's income is $320 per week and he spends it on two goods, X and Y. Good X costs $8 and good Y costs $4 per unit. His utility function is U = 4.5XY. (a) Calculate Moe's utility-maximizing purchases of X and Y. (b) Calculate Moe's constrained utility- maximum if his income decreases by $2.00? (c) If the price of Y doubles, with no change in the price of X, by how much would his income have to increase to enable him to maintain his initial level of utility (as in part (a) above)?
- Harry consumes 2 goods, X and Y and he spends N$60 per month. The price of good X is N$4 and the price of good Y is N$10. Harry's utility function is U(X, Y) = XY. (i) What is Harry's marginal rate of substitution? (5) (ii) What is the expression for Harry's budget constraint? (3) (iii) What is the slope of Harry's budget constraint? (2) (iv)Find the values of good X and Y maximizes Harry's utility. Show all your work. (6) (v) Illustrate Harry's utility maximizing combination on a clearly labelled graph. (4) (vi) Suppose the price of good X increased to N$6. Illustrate Harry's income and substitution effects on a well labelled graph. Show your work. (10) (vii) Suppose Genie is consuming two goods, coffee and beer. She spends all her income on a combination of coffee and beer where MUcoffee/Peoffee is 5 and MUbeer/Pbeer is 3. Explain why this combination is not maximizing her satisfaction. What should she do to maximize her utility? (5)Suppose the utility function of a person consuming two commodities X and Y with income borr 600 is given by U= 2Xy. If the per unit price of x is birr 20 and per unit price of Y is birr 40. a.calculate the utility maximizing level of consumption of X and Y b. find the MRSx,y at the optimum