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Summary: In primary active transport, what provides the energy needed to move solutes against a concentration gradient? In secondary active transport, the energy needed to perform active transport of the second substance is provided by

Summary: In primary active transport, what provides the energy needed to move solutes against a concentration gradient? In secondary active transport, the energy needed to perform active transport of the second substance is provided by

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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## Primary and Secondary Active Transport For example, in the pictures below, substance X has a **higher** concentration inside the cell and is being transported to the outside. This is **against** the gradient and **does** require energy input. The energy is provided by the hydrolysis of **ATP**. Substance S has a **higher** concentration inside the cell and is being transported in with substance X. This is **with** the S gradient and **doesn't** require energy input. The energy is provided by the movement of X **with** the X gradient. ### Diagram Explanation **Primary Active Transport (Left Diagram):** - A circle represents a cell. - Substance X is shown inside and outside the cell; there is a higher concentration inside. - An arrowed line indicates the movement of X from inside to outside the cell, moving against the gradient. - ATP is converted to ADP + P, indicating energy usage. **Secondary Active Transport (Right Diagram):** - Similarly, the circle represents a cell. - Substance X is shown at a higher concentration inside, moving outside the cell. - Substance S is shown at a higher concentration outside, moving inside the cell, using the energy from X's movement. - The presence of ATP and ADP + P in the diagram indicates the energy process involved. ### Summary - **Primary Active Transport:** The energy needed to move solutes against a concentration gradient is provided by the hydrolysis of ATP. - **Secondary Active Transport:** The energy needed to perform active transport of the second substance is provided by the movement of another substance with its gradient.
Transcribed Image Text:## Primary and Secondary Active Transport For example, in the pictures below, substance X has a **higher** concentration inside the cell and is being transported to the outside. This is **against** the gradient and **does** require energy input. The energy is provided by the hydrolysis of **ATP**. Substance S has a **higher** concentration inside the cell and is being transported in with substance X. This is **with** the S gradient and **doesn't** require energy input. The energy is provided by the movement of X **with** the X gradient. ### Diagram Explanation **Primary Active Transport (Left Diagram):** - A circle represents a cell. - Substance X is shown inside and outside the cell; there is a higher concentration inside. - An arrowed line indicates the movement of X from inside to outside the cell, moving against the gradient. - ATP is converted to ADP + P, indicating energy usage. **Secondary Active Transport (Right Diagram):** - Similarly, the circle represents a cell. - Substance X is shown at a higher concentration inside, moving outside the cell. - Substance S is shown at a higher concentration outside, moving inside the cell, using the energy from X's movement. - The presence of ATP and ADP + P in the diagram indicates the energy process involved. ### Summary - **Primary Active Transport:** The energy needed to move solutes against a concentration gradient is provided by the hydrolysis of ATP. - **Secondary Active Transport:** The energy needed to perform active transport of the second substance is provided by the movement of another substance with its gradient.
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