SummaryAnswer the following questions.5. (a) If the current CO₂ budget is 51 ppm, when does this model, using Parameter SetI, indicate that we will reach 51 ppm and exhaust our Carbon budget? Show yourreasoning. Use the eigenvalues and vectors from that solution to calculate your answer.(b) If CO₂ emissions were somehow reduced through conservation and the introduction ofnew technologies such as carbon sequestration, could the length of time to exhaust ourCO₂ budget be doubled? What parameters would you need to change and by howmuch? If you can't double the length of time, what is the longest extension you canachieve. Show your work.(c) Explain what the parameters you changed in part (b) mean in terms of the model.(d) Graph the solution to the system with the new parameters from (b) that would double(or extend) the time to exhaust the Carbon Budget.(e) Some scientist have advocated that we will need to return to an atmospheric concen-tration of of 350ppm to reestablish a climate conducive to human existence. Giventhe model we have been using, can you change the parameters to achieve 350 ppmatmospheric concentration of CO₂ in 100 years? in 50 years? What parameters did youchange. Upload one graph with the results of your experiment. Project PART I. Our Carbon BudgetA major driver of global climate change is the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO₂ into theatmosphere from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels for transportation, electricpower generation, manufacturing, agriculture, home heating, and so forth. Global average temper-atures are now slightly higher than 1° C above their pre-Industrial Revolution levels. Damagingsea level rise and extreme weather events (such as the recent wildfires in Canada that led to theunhealthy air in NYC last summer) will become an increasingly major problem around the worldif global average temperature rises more than 1.5° C. Scientists estimate that the total additionalamount of CO₂ that can be put into the atmosphere without reaching the 1.5° C level is about 51parts per million (ppm) or approximately 400 Gigatons (Gt). Let's call 51 ppm our carbon budget.In this project, we want to use linear systems of differential equations to analyze the predictions ofvarious model scenarios regarding carbon dioxide emissions and investigate when we might exceedour carbon budget and how changes in the parameters affect the solutions.Creating a linear system of first-order differential equations to model atmospheric CO2 and CO2emissions involves setting up a system where each equation represents one of these two variables, andtheir interaction is characterized by four parameters. The system can be solved using the method ofeigenvalues and eigenvectors. This is a highly simplified model of the complex interactions betweenCO₂ and the environment.

The objective of this question is to analyze how changes in these parameters affect the time needed…

Summary Answer the following questions. 5. (a) If the current CO₂ budget is 51 ppm, when does this model, using Parameter Set I, indicate that we will reach 51 ppm and exhaust our Carbon budget? Show your reasoning. Use the eigenvalues and vectors from that solution to calculate your answer. (b) If CO₂ emissions were somehow reduced through conservation and the introduction of new technologies such as carbon sequestration, could the length of time to exhaust our CO₂ budget be doubled? What parameters would you need to change and by how much? If you can't double the length of time, what is the longest extension you can achieve. Show your work. (c) Explain what the parameters you changed in part (b) mean in terms of the model. (d) Graph the solution to the system with the new parameters from (b) that would double (or extend) the time to exhaust the Carbon Budget. (e) Some scientist have advocated that we will need to return to an atmospheric concen- tration of of 350ppm to reestablish a climate conducive to human existence. Given the model we have been using, can you change the parameters to achieve 350 ppm atmospheric concentration of CO₂ in 100 years? in 50 years? What parameters did you change. Upload one graph with the results of your experiment.

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...