Summarized below are the Income and Expenditure forecasts of Preston Company for the months of March to August 2007. Sales(all credit sales) Purchases(all credit purchases) Wages Manufacturing Expenses Office Expenses Selling Expenses March 60,000 36,000 9,000 4,000 2,000 4,000 April 62,000 38,000 8,000 3,000 1,500 5,000 May 64,000 33,000 10,000 4,500 2,500 4,500 June 58,000 35,000 8,500 3,500 2,000 3,500 July 56,000 39,000 9,500 4,000 1,000 4,500 August 60,000 34,000 8,000 3,000 1,500 4,500 You are given the following further information. Plant costing $16,000 is due for delivery in July payable 10% on delivery and the balance after three months. Advance tax of $8,000 is payable in March and also the same amount of tax is payable in June. Period of credit allowed (i) by suppliers is 2 months and (ii) to customers is one month. Lag in payment of manufacturing expenses is half a month. Lag in payment of all other expenses is one month. REQUIRED: Prepare a cash budget for the three months starting on 1st May 2007 when there was a cash balance of $8,000.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
Summarized below are the Income and Expenditure
|
|
Sales(all credit sales) |
Purchases(all credit purchases) |
Wages |
Manufacturing Expenses |
Office Expenses |
Selling Expenses |
|
March |
60,000 |
36,000 |
9,000 |
4,000 |
2,000 |
4,000 |
|
April |
62,000 |
38,000 |
8,000 |
3,000 |
1,500 |
5,000 |
|
May |
64,000 |
33,000 |
10,000 |
4,500 |
2,500 |
4,500 |
|
June |
58,000 |
35,000 |
8,500 |
3,500 |
2,000 |
3,500 |
|
July |
56,000 |
39,000 |
9,500 |
4,000 |
1,000 |
4,500 |
|
August |
60,000 |
34,000 |
8,000 |
3,000 |
1,500 |
4,500 |
You are given the following further information.
- Plant costing $16,000 is due for delivery in July payable 10% on delivery and the balance after three months.
- Advance tax of $8,000 is payable in March and also the same amount of tax is payable in June.
- Period of credit allowed (i) by suppliers is 2 months and (ii) to customers is one month.
- Lag in payment of manufacturing expenses is half a month.
- Lag in payment of all other expenses is one month.
REQUIRED: Prepare a
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