Summarize the evolution and emergence of MRSA, and list at least two diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus
The Gram-positive, circular bacteria Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the Firmicutes family. It's a common microbiota component that can be discovered in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It's a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can grow without oxygen, and it's often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction. Although S. aureus is typically found in the human microbiome as a commensal, it can occasionally serve as an opportunistic pathogen, causing skin infections.
In both community and nosocomial settings, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most dangerous bacteria. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) first emerged in hospitals in the 1960s, and it has since evolved to be resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, including vancomycin. Despite their resistance to antibiotics, these strains have mostly been found in nosocomial settings. Several novel MRSA strains were discovered in the 1990s that are multidrug resistant and have quickly spread throughout populations.
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