submit when you are finished with questions carefully, some questions have molar Question 31 Which of the following is evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred? O A solid is formed in the reaction. zzes O All of these are evidence that a chemical reaction has occured. Modules O Gas bubbles are observed in the reaction. Chat O The temperature of the reaction goes up by 20 degrees. gle Drive O A color change is noticed in the reaction vessel. Previous Ma ions

submit when you are finished with questions carefully, some questions have molar Question 31 Which of the following is evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred? O A solid is formed in the reaction. zzes O All of these are evidence that a chemical reaction has occured. Modules O Gas bubbles are observed in the reaction. Chat O The temperature of the reaction goes up by 20 degrees. gle Drive O A color change is noticed in the reaction vessel. Previous Ma ions

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter13: Chemical Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ALQ: The boxes shown below represent a set of initial conditions for the reaction: Draw a quantitative...

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The boxes shown below represent a set of initial conditions for the reaction: Draw a quantitative molecular picture that shows what this system looks like after the reactants are mixed in one of the boxes and the system reaches equilibrium. Support your answer with calculations. Consider an equilibrium mixture of four chemicals (A, B, C, and D, all gases) reacting in a closed flask according to the foll owing equation: A+BC+D a. You add more A to the flask. How does the concentration of each chemical compare to its original concentration after equilibrium is re-established? Justify your answer. b. You have the original set-up at equilibrium, and add more D to the flask. How does the concentration of each chemical compare to its original concentration after equilibrium is re-established? Justify your answer.
. Before two molecules can react, chemists envision that the molecules must first collide with one another. Is collision among molecules the only consideration for the molecules to react with one another?
. Explain what it means that a reaction has reached a state of chemical equilibrium. Explain why equilibrium is a dynamic state: Does a reaction really “stop” when the system reaches a state of equilibrium? Explain why, once a chemical system has reached equilibrium, the concentrations of all reactants remain constant with time. Why does this constancy of concentration not contradict our picture of equilibrium as being dynamic? What happens to the rates of the forward and reverse reactions as a system proceeds to equilibrium from a starting point where only reactants are present?
. For the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g), list the types of bonds that must be broken and the type of bonds that must form for the chemical reaction to take place.
The characteristics of four reactions, each of which involves only two reactants, are given. For each of the following pairs of the preceding reactions, compare the reaction rates when the two reactants are first mixed by indicating which reaction is faster. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 1 and 4 d. 2 and 3
For the simple reaction 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(l)list the types of bonds that must be broken and the types of bonds that must form for the chemical reaction to take place.
Classify each of the reactions according to one of the four reaction types summarized in Table 18.1. (a) Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) 2 Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) rH = 851.5 kj/mol-rxn rS = 375.2 J/K mol-rxn (b) N2(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 NO2(g) rH = 66.2 kJ/mol-rxn rS = 121.6 J/K mol-rxn TABLE 18.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Be Spontaneous Under Standard Conditions
Determine rxnH 25 C for the following reaction: NO g O2 g NO2 g This reaction is a major participant in the formation of smog.
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Classify each of the reactions according to one of the four reaction types summarized in Table 18.1. (a) C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O() rH = 673 kj/mol-rxn rS = 60.4 j/K mol-rxn (b) MgO(s) + C(graphite) Mg(s) + CO(g) rH = 490.7 kJ/mol-rxn rS = 197.9 J/K mol-rxn TABLE 18.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Be Spontaneous Under Standard Conditions
Substances that poison a catalyst pose a major concern for many engineering designs, including those for catalytic converters. One design option is to add materials that react with potential poisons before they reach the catalyst. Among the commonly encountered catalyst poisons are silicon and phosphorus, which typically form phosphate or silicate ions in the oxidizing environment of an engine. Group 2 elements are added to the catalyst to react with these contaminants before they reach the working portion of the catalytic converter. If estimates show that a catalytic converter will be exposed to 625 g of silicon during its lifetime, what mass of beryllium would need to be included in the design?
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