Subject : General Biology 2*Evolutionary Relationships of Humans to Other Vertebrates*Determine the Evolutionary Relationship of Human to Other Primates andVertebrates using a Phylogenetic Tree**pls the handwriting, pls be readable i have terrible eye sight huhu thank you**pls just don't copy the answers in the internet, i know how to used google so i used this app to have a unique and non plagiarized answer thank you* (experience this things in this app :< so i kinda traumatized) and D, for example. That's because the tree's horizontal axis doesn't reflect timedirectly. As a result, we can only compare the timing of branching events that happenon the same lineage (the same direct line from the tree's root), not those that happenon different lineages.Determine the Evolutionary Relationship of Human to Other Primates andVertebrates using a Phylogenetic TreeNewWorldOldWorldApesandhumansLemurs LorisesTarsiersmonkeysmonkeyslast common ancestorof all monkeys, apes,and humanslast common ancestorof all tarsiers, monkeys, apes,and humanslast common ancestor of all primatesFigure 4Image Source: https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/media_colorbox/2967/media_original/enIn the figure above, the phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary relationshipsbetween humans and other living primates. In this figure, it is very useful to identifya monophyletic group. Monophyletic ("one-tribe-origin") or monophylogenydescribes a group of organisms that are classified in the same taxon (group of oneor more populations of an organism or organisms forming a unit) and share the mostcommon recent ancestor (MCRA). Moreover, a monophyletic taxon is also commonlyknown as a “clade". A sample monophyletic group of monkeys, apes, humans, andtheir last common ancestor (red dot) is highlighted in yellow. However, a secondpotential monophyletic group could include those in yellow as well as the tarsiersand the last common ancestor of this larger group (blue dot).A cladeA cladeFigure 5 Diagram showing a cladeImage source: Clades (1 of 2) Definition (berkeley.edu)NG PASICNot a cladePASIG CITNot a clade1573KALAKHAMAYNILAUNGSOD OF PASIG CITFigure 5 shows the clade in a phylogenetic tree. A clade is a group who sharesa common ancestor and all of their descendants (both living and extinct). It's simpleto say whether a group of lineages forms a clade using a phylogeny. Considerexcluding a single branch from the phylogeny; the species on that branch form aclade.It is well established that siblings are more alike than cousins, which is dueto the fact that siblings have a more recent shared ancestor (parents) than cousins(grandparents). Similarly, the greater resemblance between humans andchimpanzees than between humans and plants is interpreted as proof that humansand chimpanzees share a shared ancestor that is much more recent than humansand plants. In this sense, morphological features such as eyes and skeletal structureare considered similar.Humans179 (169)Homo sapiens (n=9)61 (60)23 (23)ChimpanzeesPan troglodytes (n=24)204 (181)61 (57)Bonobos29 (28)Pan paniscus (n=13)234 (200)Gorillas76 (74)Gorilla gorilla (n=23)Gorilla beringei (n=3)42 (41)Orangutans834 (549)Pongo abelii (n=5)Pongo pygmaeus (n=5)253 (211)141 (126)Figure 6Image Source: https://www.genengnews.com/topics/omics/the-naked-apes-unique-micrornas-may-have-contributed-to-human-evolution/Figure 6 shows the phylogenetic tree of the Hominidae family indicating thatchimpanzees, as well as bonobos are our closest living relatives based on the analysisof miRNAs (microRNA) from the family of great apes. The number of species-specificnucleotide substitutions in the precursor (dark grey), mature (light grey), and seed(white) miRNA regions along the great ape phylogeny since the break with humans(or with chimpanzees in the case of humans) are shown in boxes. In parentheses,the cumulative number of miRNAs in which these changes occur. Due to data qualityissues, no species-specific nucleotide substitutions for bonobos (Pan paniscus) orgorillas (Gorilla beringei) were considered (as cited by Gallego and colleagues).NG PASICGSODYNILACALARHANNOISIAO

Phylogenetic trees can be drawn in many different formats. In all the formats, the species are…

Answered: Subject : General Biology 2…

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...