Sub-surface exploration at the site of a proposed building reveals the existence of a 2.4-meter- thick layer of soft clay below a stratum of coarse sand which is 4 meters thick and extends from the ground surface up to top of the clay layer. The ground water table is at 2.5 meter below the ground surface. Laboratory tests indicate the natural water content of clay as 40%, average liquid test 45% and specific gravity 2.75. Also, the cay is proved to be normally consolidated. The unit weight of sand above and below the water table are respectively 17.8 KN/m³ and 21.0 KN/m³. Estimate the probable final settlement of the building, if its construction will increase the average vertical pressure on the clay layer is 71 KN/m³-

Q: John is analyzing a silty sand. it has a void ratio in loosest condition equal to 0.87 and a void…

A:

Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.