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Study the graphs shown in the picture.  Describe the patterns observed in the top group depicting changes in the number of species per year.  Are these patterns similar or different from the patterns observed in the bottom group depicting turnover of species?

Study the graphs shown in the picture.  Describe the patterns observed in the top group depicting changes in the number of species per year.  Are these patterns similar or different from the patterns observed in the bottom group depicting turnover of species?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
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Study the graphs shown in the picture.  Describe the patterns observed in the top group depicting changes in the number of species per year.  Are these patterns similar or different from the patterns observed in the bottom group depicting turnover of species? 

Feature and her colleagues have continued to mine the BioTime database and have found that the mix LIFE ON THE GO A meta-analysis of 239 biodiversity studies found that, at the local level, there was not much change in species richness – the number of organisms in a community – over the span of each study. But there was considerable turnover in most groups and locations, as some species left and others moved in. of species in local communities is changing rapidly almost everywhere on Earth° (see 'Life onthego'). As some inhabitants disappear, col- onizers move in and add to species richness, so the'average ecosystem' shows no change or even anincrease in the number of species, she says, with her usual cautions about averages. "Species are at the moment playing musical chairs," says Dornelas. This can be seen most clearly on isolated islands, where 95% of the world's extinctions have happened. Take New Zealand, where there were no mammalian predators before humans first settled there, less than 800 years ago. Since then, nearly half of New Zealand's endemic birds have gone extinct. But despite the extinctions, biodiversity, measured by species richness, has improved over time in New Zealand, Vellend says. Conti- nental birds have replaced the lost endemics. Plant biodiversity is doing well; fewer than 10 native species have gone extinct, and there are now 4,000 plant species on the islands, up from 2,000 before human settlers. And there Type of organism I Fish Birds Plants Multiple taxa I Benthos I Invertebrates I Amphibians I Mammals Polar Temperate Tropical Marine Uncertainty range for global trend No significant changes in the number of species Global average Terrestrial -0.02 0.02 Freshwater -0.02 0.02 -0.02 0.02 Changes in the log of the number of species per year Polar Temperate Tropical Marine Marine turnover high terrestrial than are more than two dozen new land mammals. The lesson is that species richness or abun- dance figures might not tell the whole story, says Dornelas. Rather, scientists need to know the identity of all the species in a community, and track their relative abundances. This will Terrestrial -0.02 0.02 0.06 Freshwater allow them to learnwhich species are declining and which could be targeted for conservation. The storyissimilar on the continents, except with fewer complete extinctions. In Denmark over the past 140 years, 50 plant species have declined in abundance and range, but 236 have abundance, but the data showed otherwise. expanded their habitats. The large majority are Many sites were declining in biodiversity, holding steady". Scientistslooking at Europe's birds since 1980 have found that 175 species -0.02 0.02 0.06 -0.02 0.02 0.06 Turnover (proportion of species per year) more than 16,000 studies in which scientists had monitored plants for at least 5 years, and found that only 8% of the studies noted a strong decline in the total number of species. to find declines in species richness and but an equal proportion were improving. SOURCE: REF. 8
Transcribed Image Text:Feature and her colleagues have continued to mine the BioTime database and have found that the mix LIFE ON THE GO A meta-analysis of 239 biodiversity studies found that, at the local level, there was not much change in species richness – the number of organisms in a community – over the span of each study. But there was considerable turnover in most groups and locations, as some species left and others moved in. of species in local communities is changing rapidly almost everywhere on Earth° (see 'Life onthego'). As some inhabitants disappear, col- onizers move in and add to species richness, so the'average ecosystem' shows no change or even anincrease in the number of species, she says, with her usual cautions about averages. "Species are at the moment playing musical chairs," says Dornelas. This can be seen most clearly on isolated islands, where 95% of the world's extinctions have happened. Take New Zealand, where there were no mammalian predators before humans first settled there, less than 800 years ago. Since then, nearly half of New Zealand's endemic birds have gone extinct. But despite the extinctions, biodiversity, measured by species richness, has improved over time in New Zealand, Vellend says. Conti- nental birds have replaced the lost endemics. Plant biodiversity is doing well; fewer than 10 native species have gone extinct, and there are now 4,000 plant species on the islands, up from 2,000 before human settlers. And there Type of organism I Fish Birds Plants Multiple taxa I Benthos I Invertebrates I Amphibians I Mammals Polar Temperate Tropical Marine Uncertainty range for global trend No significant changes in the number of species Global average Terrestrial -0.02 0.02 Freshwater -0.02 0.02 -0.02 0.02 Changes in the log of the number of species per year Polar Temperate Tropical Marine Marine turnover high terrestrial than are more than two dozen new land mammals. The lesson is that species richness or abun- dance figures might not tell the whole story, says Dornelas. Rather, scientists need to know the identity of all the species in a community, and track their relative abundances. This will Terrestrial -0.02 0.02 0.06 Freshwater allow them to learnwhich species are declining and which could be targeted for conservation. The storyissimilar on the continents, except with fewer complete extinctions. In Denmark over the past 140 years, 50 plant species have declined in abundance and range, but 236 have abundance, but the data showed otherwise. expanded their habitats. The large majority are Many sites were declining in biodiversity, holding steady". Scientistslooking at Europe's birds since 1980 have found that 175 species -0.02 0.02 0.06 -0.02 0.02 0.06 Turnover (proportion of species per year) more than 16,000 studies in which scientists had monitored plants for at least 5 years, and found that only 8% of the studies noted a strong decline in the total number of species. to find declines in species richness and but an equal proportion were improving. SOURCE: REF. 8
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