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Strontium 90 (half-life 5 29 y) is one of the worst components of fullout from atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs because it concentrates in the bones.The last such bombs was tested in 1963.In the year 2021,how many half lifes will have gone by for the strontium 90 produced in the blast, what fraction of the strontium 90 will remain in that year.

Strontium 90 (half-life 5 29 y) is one of the worst components of fullout from atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs because it concentrates in the bones.The last such bombs was tested in 1963.In the year 2021,how many half lifes will have gone by for the strontium 90 produced in the blast, what fraction of the strontium 90 will remain in that year.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Strontium 90 (half-life 5 29 y) is one of the worst components of fullout from atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs because it concentrates in the bones.The last such bombs was tested in 1963.In the year 2021,how many half lifes will have gone by for the strontium 90 produced in the blast, what fraction of the strontium 90 will remain in that year.

have passed). N. second half-life first N. third N. half-life 2 half-life 8 Thus, three half-lives have passed, and with No/8 remaining, the final amount of iodine-131 is 18 of 40 mg, or 5 mg. 14 EXAMPLE1.4 Finding the Elapsed Time How long would it take a sample of 1"C to decay to one-fourth of its original activity? The half-life of"C is 5730 y. Solution The "C will decay for a time period equal to two half-lives, as shown by the number of arrows in the sequence N. To find the elapsed time, multiply the number of half-lives by the half-life. (2 half-livesX5730 y/half-life) = 11,460 y Confidence Exercise! Let's test your understanding Please cut this portion! I. Finding the Number of Half-Lives and the Final Amount 1. Strontium-90 (half-life 5 29 y) is one of the worst components of fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs because it concentrates in the bones. The last such bomb was tested in 1963. In the year 2021, how many half-ives will have gone by for the strontium-90 produced in the blast? What fraction of the strontium-90 will remain in that year? II. Finding the Elapsed Time 2. Technetium-99 is often used as a radioactive tracer to assess heart half-life is 6.0 h. How long would it take a sample of technetium-99 to decay to one sixteenth of its original amount? amage. Its 15 Carbon-14 Dating Carbon-14 dating is used on materials that were once part of living things, Such as wood, bone, and parchment. The process depends on the fact that living things (including you) contain a known amount of radioactive 14C, which has a half-ife of 5730 years. The 14C nuclei exist in living things because the isotope is continually being produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are high-speed charged particles that reach the Earth from various sources, ike the Sun. The "rays" are primarily protons, and on entering the upper atmosphere, they can cause reactions that produce neutrons (• Fig. 10.10). These neutrons react with the nuclei of nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere to produce 14C and a proton (11H): Radioactive dating can be done by analyzing the fraction of carbon in organic material that is carbon-14. II Page14 Page13
Transcribed Image Text:have passed). N. second half-life first N. third N. half-life 2 half-life 8 Thus, three half-lives have passed, and with No/8 remaining, the final amount of iodine-131 is 18 of 40 mg, or 5 mg. 14 EXAMPLE1.4 Finding the Elapsed Time How long would it take a sample of 1"C to decay to one-fourth of its original activity? The half-life of"C is 5730 y. Solution The "C will decay for a time period equal to two half-lives, as shown by the number of arrows in the sequence N. To find the elapsed time, multiply the number of half-lives by the half-life. (2 half-livesX5730 y/half-life) = 11,460 y Confidence Exercise! Let's test your understanding Please cut this portion! I. Finding the Number of Half-Lives and the Final Amount 1. Strontium-90 (half-life 5 29 y) is one of the worst components of fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs because it concentrates in the bones. The last such bomb was tested in 1963. In the year 2021, how many half-ives will have gone by for the strontium-90 produced in the blast? What fraction of the strontium-90 will remain in that year? II. Finding the Elapsed Time 2. Technetium-99 is often used as a radioactive tracer to assess heart half-life is 6.0 h. How long would it take a sample of technetium-99 to decay to one sixteenth of its original amount? amage. Its 15 Carbon-14 Dating Carbon-14 dating is used on materials that were once part of living things, Such as wood, bone, and parchment. The process depends on the fact that living things (including you) contain a known amount of radioactive 14C, which has a half-ife of 5730 years. The 14C nuclei exist in living things because the isotope is continually being produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are high-speed charged particles that reach the Earth from various sources, ike the Sun. The "rays" are primarily protons, and on entering the upper atmosphere, they can cause reactions that produce neutrons (• Fig. 10.10). These neutrons react with the nuclei of nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere to produce 14C and a proton (11H): Radioactive dating can be done by analyzing the fraction of carbon in organic material that is carbon-14. II Page14 Page13
Neutron in In addition to alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, certain nuclear processes (generally involving artificial radioisotopes) emit positrons fe. For example, 12 Confidence Exercise! Let's test your understanding Please cut this portion! Direction: Complete the following equations for nuclear decay, and state whether each process is alpha decay, beta decay, or gamma decay. 1. Sc → Sc + 2. 2Th - + He 3. sc - Ti + - 4. B - + -fe 5. 210Po - 20Pb + 6. 207PO → 20Po + 7. Write the equation for each of the following. a. alpha decay of 226Ra b. beta decay of Co 13 Half-Life and Rate of Decay The rate of decay of a given radioisotope is described by the term half-ife, which is the time it takes for half of the nuclei of a given radioactive sample to decay. Ih other words, after one half-ife has gone by, one-half of the original amount of isotope remains undecayed; after two half-ives (1/2 x ½ ) = one- fourth (1/4) of the original amount is undecayed; and so on (• Fig. 4.) (200 decays/s) II Page 12 Page11
Transcribed Image Text:Neutron in In addition to alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, certain nuclear processes (generally involving artificial radioisotopes) emit positrons fe. For example, 12 Confidence Exercise! Let's test your understanding Please cut this portion! Direction: Complete the following equations for nuclear decay, and state whether each process is alpha decay, beta decay, or gamma decay. 1. Sc → Sc + 2. 2Th - + He 3. sc - Ti + - 4. B - + -fe 5. 210Po - 20Pb + 6. 207PO → 20Po + 7. Write the equation for each of the following. a. alpha decay of 226Ra b. beta decay of Co 13 Half-Life and Rate of Decay The rate of decay of a given radioisotope is described by the term half-ife, which is the time it takes for half of the nuclei of a given radioactive sample to decay. Ih other words, after one half-ife has gone by, one-half of the original amount of isotope remains undecayed; after two half-ives (1/2 x ½ ) = one- fourth (1/4) of the original amount is undecayed; and so on (• Fig. 4.) (200 decays/s) II Page 12 Page11
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