Stockholders’ Equity: Transactions and Balance Sheet Presentation The stockholders’ equity accounts of Cooper Corporation at January 1 follow: Common stock, $1 par value, 350,000 shares authorized; 150,000 shares issued and outstanding $150,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par value (common stock) 600,000 Retained earnings 366,000 During the year, the following transactions occurred: Jan. 5 Issued 20,000 shares of common stock for $15 cash per share. 18 Purchased 4,000 shares of common stock as treasury stock at $14 cash per share. Mar. 12 Sold one-fourth of the treasury shares acquired January 18 for $17 per share. July 17 Sold 600 shares of the remaining treasury stock for $12 per share. Oct. 1 Issued 5,000 shares of eight percent, $25 par value preferred stock for $35 cash per share. These are the first preferred shares issued out of 50,000 authorized shares. Dec. 31 Closed the net income of $170,000 to the Retained Earnings account. Required Prepare journal entries to record the foregoing transactions and post to T-accounts. Do not prepare the journal entry for the Dec. 31 transaction, but post the appropriate amount to the Retained Earnings T-account. Determine the ending balances for the stockholders’ equity accounts. Prepare the December 31 stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet. Journal Entries T-Accounts Balance Sheets General Journal Date Description Debit Credit Jan.05 Common Stock Issued common stock. Jan.18 Purchased treasury stock. Mar.12 Treasury Stock - Common Sold treasury stock. Jul.17 Paid-in-Capital from Treasury Stock To record sale of treasury stock. Oct.01 Paid-in-Capital in Excess of Par Value - Preferred Stock To record issue of preferred stock.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The stockholders’ equity accounts of Cooper Corporation at January 1 follow:
| Common stock, $1 par value, 350,000 shares authorized; | |
| 150,000 shares issued and outstanding | $150,000 |
| Paid-in capital in excess of par value (common stock) | 600,000 |
| 366,000 |
During the year, the following transactions occurred:
| Jan. | 5 | Issued 20,000 shares of common stock for $15 cash per share. |
| 18 | Purchased 4,000 shares of common stock as |
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| Mar. | 12 | Sold one-fourth of the treasury shares acquired January 18 for $17 per share. |
| July | 17 | Sold 600 shares of the remaining treasury stock for $12 per share. |
| Oct. | 1 | Issued 5,000 shares of eight percent, $25 par value preferred stock for $35 cash per share. |
| These are the first |
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| Dec. | 31 | Closed the net income of $170,000 to the Retained Earnings account. |
Required
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Prepare journal entries to record the foregoing transactions and post to T-accounts. Do not prepare the
journal entry for the Dec. 31 transaction, but post the appropriate amount to the Retained Earnings T-account. Determine the ending balances for the stockholders’ equity accounts. - Prepare the December 31 stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet.
- Journal Entries
- T-Accounts
- Balance Sheets
| General Journal | |||
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| Date | Description | Debit | Credit |
| Jan.05 |
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| Common Stock |
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| Issued common stock. | |||
| Jan.18 |
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| Purchased treasury stock. | |||
| Mar.12 |
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| Treasury Stock - Common |
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| Sold treasury stock. | |||
| Jul.17 |
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| Paid-in-Capital from Treasury Stock |
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| To record sale of treasury stock. | |||
| Oct.01 |
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| Paid-in-Capital in Excess of Par Value - Preferred Stock |
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| To record issue of preferred stock. |
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