Steroid Ring Sterol (cholesterol) H;C CH3 .CH3 CH3 CH3 HO -Hydroxyl group attached to a ring (а) (b) FIGURE 2.18 Steroid (a) General formula showing the four- membered ring and (b) the -OH group that makes the molecule a sterol. The sterol shown here is cholesterol. The carbon atoms in the ring structures and their attached hydrogen atoms are not shown.

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Nitrogen metabolism

Nitrogen metabolism is the synthesis, utilization or uptake, breakdown, and excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the body. The nitrogen metabolism encompasses nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis, and the breakdown of amino acids, purines, and pyrimidine. Since nitrogen-containing compounds are required for various life processes, nitrogen is an important element of life.