Step 1 - Below is a basic phylogenetic tree for how canids evolved. For a group to divide into two species, the gene pool must somehow be divided so that some members of the species can no longer reproduce with some others. This is called reproductive isolation. There are many ways this can happen. Explain how each of the following could have led to what you see at the right. Behavioral Isolation: Geographic Isolation: Temporal Isolation: Phylogeny of interfertile Canis (wolf) species Based on Wilson et al. (2000) and Lindblad-Toh et al. (2005) 2-3 million years ago Canis latrans 150,000- 300,000 years ago Canis lycaon 1-2 million years ago Canis rufus Ancestral wolf 3-4 million years ago Canis simensis Canis aureus Canis lupus

Step 1 - Below is a basic phylogenetic tree for how canids evolved. For a group to divide into two species, the gene pool must somehow be divided so that some members of the species can no longer reproduce with some others. This is called reproductive isolation. There are many ways this can happen. Explain how each of the following could have led to what you see at the right. Behavioral Isolation: Geographic Isolation: Temporal Isolation: Phylogeny of interfertile Canis (wolf) species Based on Wilson et al. (2000) and Lindblad-Toh et al. (2005) 2-3 million years ago Canis latrans 150,000- 300,000 years ago Canis lycaon 1-2 million years ago Canis rufus Ancestral wolf 3-4 million years ago Canis simensis Canis aureus Canis lupus

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular...

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Below are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which of the following statements is correct? ABCD ADCB DCBA D CAB (1) (2) (3) (4) Tree (1) and Tree (2) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (4) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (3) are the same tree. All four trees are in fact the same tree. All four trees are in fact different trees.
The phylogenetic tree below depicts the evolutionary relation among a subset of ants. The Taxa shaded in correspond to groups that have evolved jaw-like type of structures. Based on this trait, the subfamilies Formicinae and Mymicinae form what type of phyletic relationship? # Trap-jaws have evolved at least once in each of the highlighted clades. O polyphyletic group. monophyletic group. O paraphyletic group. 80 F3 000 000 F4 $ % F5 5 C C F6 Formicinae Myrmicinae Ectatomminae Heteroponerinae Dolichoderinae Aneuretinae Pseudomyrmecinae Myrmeciinae Aenictinae Dorylinae Ecitoninae Cerapachyinae Leptanilloidinae Ponerinae Agroecomyrmecinae Paraponerinae Amblyoponinae Proceratiinae Leptanillinae & ◄◄ F7 7 3486689 Myrmoteras DII F8 Strumigenys Odontomachus Mystrium DD ( F9 0 B F10
Need help what is the difference between a gene tree and a species tree? Explain in your own words how it is possible for gorillas and humans to share a genetic trait (such as a retroviral insertion) that chimpanzees do not share, if chimpanzees and humans are really each other's closest relatives. Given the lack of agreement between gene trees and species trees, how is it possible to reconstruct the true species tree?
n which situation would it make sense to use the phylogenetic species concept? When you are not able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are able to collect reproductive data When you are able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are unable to determine if they interbreed When you only have genetic data about each organism in your study When working with fossils from extinct organisms
The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.
for the cactus (eukarotic) and the e coli bacteria (prokarotic) i want you to: Classify them based on modern taxonomy, and write their scientific name in three different ways based on Linnaeus. Describe their dichotomous key and show how far they are in their taxonomyfrom each other and describe how they interact together in the ecosystem basedon what you studied. what is thier location on the phylogenetic tree as well as the clade for both
Species A was recently discovered and its DNA sequence was compared to the DNA of the four previously known species from the same genus. The comparison revealed this particular species is the most recent one, the one that diverged last. Show the mismatched nucleotides between these DNA sequences (mark them and count them) and then draw a phylogenetic tree that shows their relationship. You can draw the tree by hand.Species A 5’ A A G G C C A A A C T T T G G G T A T A G C A T A 3’Species B 5’ A A G G C C A A A C C G T G G G T A T A G C G A A 3’ ____________Species C 5’ A A G G C C A A A C T T T G G G T A T A G C G A A 3’ ____________Species D 5’ A A C T C C A A A C C G T G G G T A T A G C G A A 3’ ____________Species E5’ A A G G C C A A A C T T T G G G T A T A G C G T A 3’ __________
Activity 4. The Cladogram Direction: With the cladogram below as a basis, answer the following questions in the space provided. Skin shields Two Horn moil bogsvih ya Horn owi tarl A hypothetieal cladogram with taxa designated as the letters O, A, B, C, and D. Retrieved from Kardong (2012) Fig. 1. Which is the outgroup here? O, A, B, C, or D? 2. Which is the sister of the group of D? 3. Grouping A, B, and D together (excluding C) creates which kind of grouping? 4. Which taxa share the characteristic of "skin shields"? 5. What characteristic is homologous among A, B, C, and D? 30 6. Write down the taxa that would make a paraphyletic grouping. 7. Write down the taxa that would make a monophyletic grouping. 8. Which characteristic is absent in O but is a homologous characteristic among A, B, C, and D? 9. Which is a unique characteristic present in A, B, and C which is absent in D? 10. Will grouping O, A, B, C, and D create a valid clade?
C. Phylogenetic tree Interpretation. Salamander Lizard - Perch Hagfish Mouse Chimp Pigeon, Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails Lungs Jaws 1. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have fur and mammary glands? 2. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have jaws? 3. Based on the cladogram, which shared a common ancestor most recently----a mouse and a lizard or a mouse and a perch? 4. Which two organisms would you expect to have a closer matching DNA sequence for a gene that doesn't matter in terms of natural selection?--Hagfish and Pigeon or Hagfish and Salamander?
a- What is Phylogenetics? b- What are the types of Phylogenetics trees? c- What ere the differences between Rooted and Unrooted Phylogenetics trees? d- Using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (LPGMA) construct the phylogenetic tree for the given data G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G10 10 12 8 7 0 4 4 14 0 6 16 G2 G3 G4 G5 0 12 TOP
uestion 35 Based on the phylogenetic tree below, which of the following species has hair? Hair Hinged jaw Vertebral column (backbone) Common Ancestor -II IV O a. Species III O b. Species IV O C Species I O d. Species II
According to the data, which two species in Table 3 are most closely related? Why do we think these two lineages diverged the shortest time ago? Which species is most closely related to humans? Which is most distantly related to humans To humans, alligators and crocodiles look very similar. However, which species difference in Table 3 comes closest to the difference between alligators and crocodiles? How can we explain this?