Steam is being transported in a pipe at a chemical production facility in Gebze, Kocaeli. The outer diameter of the pipe is 8 cm, and the surrounding air temperature is 20 °C. On the surface of the pipe, the combined heat transfer coefficient is 35 W/m2*K. The surface temperature of the pipe is 150 °C. Steady-state conditions exist. (a) What is the rate of heat loss from the pipe to the surroundings? (b) The power used to generate the steam is obtained from natural gas. Perform an online search for approximate values of the calorific value of natural gas, as well as the cost of natural gas per cubic meter, and estimate the financial loss due to heat loss from this steam pipe within a period of one year. Indicate your sources clearly in your answer.

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Conduction and Convection

When energy travels from one object to another it is said to have undergone heat transfer. Heat transfer is nothing but the transfer of thermal energy or internal energy from one thing to another, like e.g., when a vessel with water, kept on top of a burner, heats up because of the flame underneath it.