Steam enters the first turbine stage of a vapor power cycle with reheat and regeneration at 32 MPa, 600°C, and expands to 8 MPa. A portion of the flow is diverted to a closed feedwater heater at 8 MPa, and the remainder is reheated to 560°C before entering the second turbine stage. Expansion through the second turbine stage occurs to 1 MPa, where another portion of the flow is diverted to a second closed feedwater heater at 1 MPa. The remainder of the flow expands through the third turbine stage to 0.15 MPa, where a portion of the flow is diverted to an open feedwater heater operating at 0.15 MPa, and the rest expands through the fourth turbine stage to the condenser pressure of 6 kPa. Condensate leaves each closed feedwater heater as saturated liquid at the respective extraction pressure. The feedwater streams leave each closed feedwater heater at a temperature equal to the saturation temperature at the respective extraction pressure. The condensate streams from the closed heaters each pass through traps into the next lower-pressure feedwater heater. Saturated liquid exiting the open heater is pumped to the steam generator pressure. If each turbine stage has an isentropic efficiency of 85% and the pumps operate isentropically.(a) sketch the layout of the cycle and number the principal state points(b) determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle.(c) calculate the mass flow rate into the first turbine stage, in kg/h, for a net power output of 500 MW.ANSWER IT USING THIS FORMAT 1. DESCRIBE BRIEFLY THE TYPE OF PROBLEM. 2. INTRODUCE VARIABLE/VARIABLES TO REPRESENT THE REQUIRED QUANTITY/QUANTITIES WITHTHE CORRESPONDING UNIT/UNITS. 3. STATE ALL THE SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS. 4. DRAW A CORRESPONDING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM INCORPORATING ALL THEGIVEN DATA. 5. DRAW A CORRESPONDING PROCESS DIAGRAM IF NECESSARY. 6. STATE THE APPLICABLE WORKING PRINCIPLE/LAW TO SOLVE THE REQUIRED QUANTITY ANDWRITE THE WORKING EQUATION. 7. FIND THE RELATED QUANTITIES IN THE WORKING EQUATION. 8. SUBSTITUTE THE VALUES OF GIVEN AND OBTAINED QUANTITIES IN THE WORKING EQUATION. 9. CRITICIZE THE RESULT AND MAKE SOLUTION REVISION. 10. SUMMARIZE THE FINAL ANSWER AND SUBMIT YOUR SOLUTION
Steam enters the first turbine stage of a vapor power cycle with reheat and regeneration at 32 MPa, 600°C, and expands to 8 MPa. A portion of the flow is diverted to a closed feedwater heater at 8 MPa, and the remainder is reheated to 560°C before entering the second turbine stage. Expansion through the second turbine stage occurs to 1 MPa, where another portion of the flow is diverted to a second closed feedwater heater at 1 MPa. The remainder of the flow expands through the third turbine stage to 0.15 MPa, where a portion of the flow is diverted to an open feedwater heater operating at 0.15 MPa, and the rest expands through the fourth turbine stage to the condenser pressure of 6 kPa. Condensate leaves each closed feedwater heater as saturated liquid at the respective extraction pressure. The feedwater streams leave each closed feedwater heater at a temperature equal to the saturation temperature at the respective extraction pressure. The condensate streams from the closed heaters each pass through traps into the next lower-pressure feedwater heater. Saturated liquid exiting the open heater is pumped to the steam generator pressure. If each turbine stage has an isentropic efficiency of 85% and the pumps operate isentropically.
(a) sketch the layout of the cycle and number the principal state points
(b) determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
(c) calculate the mass flow rate into the first turbine stage, in kg/h, for a net power output of 500 MW.
ANSWER IT USING THIS FORMAT
1. DESCRIBE BRIEFLY THE TYPE OF PROBLEM.
2. INTRODUCE VARIABLE/VARIABLES TO REPRESENT THE REQUIRED QUANTITY/QUANTITIES WITHTHE CORRESPONDING UNIT/UNITS.
3. STATE ALL THE SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS.
4. DRAW A CORRESPONDING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM INCORPORATING ALL THEGIVEN DATA.
5. DRAW A CORRESPONDING PROCESS DIAGRAM IF NECESSARY.
6. STATE THE APPLICABLE WORKING PRINCIPLE/LAW TO SOLVE THE REQUIRED QUANTITY ANDWRITE THE WORKING EQUATION.
7. FIND THE RELATED QUANTITIES IN THE WORKING EQUATION.
8. SUBSTITUTE THE VALUES OF GIVEN AND OBTAINED QUANTITIES IN THE WORKING EQUATION.
9. CRITICIZE THE RESULT AND MAKE SOLUTION REVISION.
10. SUMMARIZE THE FINAL ANSWER AND SUBMIT YOUR SOLUTION
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